Cell:病毒警报阻断癌症

2015-09-01 佚名 生物谷

近日,国外的研究人员利用人类肿瘤细胞和小鼠实验已经找到一种方法来触发免疫系统的一种“病毒警报”,这可激发癌症患者对免疫治疗药物的反应。一种越来越有前途的癌症研究的焦点,药物是为了解除癌症细胞避免检测和破坏免疫系统的能力。该内容发表在8月27日的Cell《细胞》杂志上,Johns Hopkins领导的研究小组说,他们发现了一个核心基因组与病毒防御预警系统相关,并且对脱甲基药物5-氮胞苷易感,用相关的

近日,国外的研究人员利用人类肿瘤细胞和小鼠实验已经找到一种方法来触发免疫系统的一种“病毒警报”,这可激发癌症患者对免疫治疗药物的反应。一种越来越有前途的癌症研究的焦点,药物是为了解除癌症细胞避免检测和破坏免疫系统的能力。

该内容发表在8月27日的Cell《细胞》杂志上,Johns Hopkins领导的研究小组说,他们发现了一个核心基因组与病毒防御预警系统相关,并且对脱甲基药物5-氮胞苷易感,用相关的化学方法通过这一过程改变它们操控的能力被称为脱甲基作用。

众所周知肿瘤吸纳细胞基因沉默系统,该系统添加微小的甲基团到基因区,从而关闭受影响的基因功能。这种“表观遗传学”控制通常发生在许多基因中,包括那些包含先前暴露到病毒的残余DNA。当移除这些表观遗传控制的基因时,那么病毒装载的基因序列被激活并触发警报免疫系统,警告病毒已经入侵。

“免疫疗法成功的主要障碍是肿瘤阻止免疫系统对癌症的作用,”医学博士Stephen Baylin说,“免疫细胞像一个手无寸铁的军队,它们闲荡,无所事事。然而,某些表观遗传过程,这种病毒防御基因在肿瘤细胞用脱甲基药物可以扭转,使免疫疗法更有效地杀死癌细胞。”

这项研究中,研究者对实验室生长的人类卵巢、结肠及皮肤癌细胞系进行研究,结果显示,在所有癌细胞系中,当将细胞暴露于5-氮胞苷中时病毒的防御通路就会开启,一旦通路开启肿瘤细胞就会释放名为干扰素的信号蛋白,进而唤醒免疫系统中的其它抗癌细胞。随后研究人员描绘了病毒防御机制的基因特性,在多个可以获得的肿瘤样本中,研究者就可以利用基因特性来区分高表达和低表达的肿瘤样本,而高表达的肿瘤样本或许会对在不添加5-氮胞苷的情况下会对特定的免疫化疗药物产生反应,而低表达的肿瘤样本则需要表观遗传药物来增强免疫疗法的反应。

通过寻找通路表达及免疫化疗药物反应之间的关联,科学家们重点对来自21名黑色素瘤患者机体肿瘤细胞中的病毒防御通路的表达水平进行研究,这些患者均采用免疫疗法进行治疗,结果发现,在对易普利姆玛反应较好的8名患者中有7名患者机体的细胞中均出现了高表达水平的通路,而另外12名病人由于对易普利姆玛反应有效,因此其机体的细胞病毒防御通路的表达水平较低。

最后研究者Katherine Chiappinelli指出,利用5-氮胞苷的疗法可以激活肿瘤细胞中的干扰素信号,在进行检查点封锁免疫疗法后,患者机体的免疫细胞就会增加对癌症的抵御能力。研究者提醒在进行临床试验时,需要分析病毒防御通路的警醒策略是否有效,如果这种策略存在治疗潜力,后期研究者或将利用其为基础来开发新型的抗癌疗法。

原文出处:

Katherine B. Chiappinelli7,et al.Inhibiting DNA Methylation Causes an Interferon Response in Cancer via dsRNA Including Endogenous Retroviruses.CELL.2015 


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    2016-02-23 智智灵药
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    2015-09-04 fengzhigu

    有新意!

    0

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    2015-09-03 byzh1990

    创新点

    0

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