盘点:胃癌近期重要原始研究进展一览

2018-10-20 MedSci MedSci原创

【1】连锁彩色成像可以通过与周围胃肠化生组织的高颜色对比增强对早期胃癌的识别 连锁彩色成像(LCI)增加了早期胃癌的诊断率,这与紫色粘膜的特征性发现有关。早期胃癌的病变存在于慢性胃炎和周围粘膜区域。本研究旨在使用LCI通过颜色差异和颜色成分值客观地表征这些病变组织。研究人员招募了52名患有早期胃癌的患者。在恶性病变和邻近粘膜中使用LCI计算颜色差异,并与切除的标本中的组织学发现进行比较。结果

【1】连锁彩色成像可以通过与周围肠化生组织的高颜色对比增强对早期癌的识别

连锁彩色成像(LCI)增加了早期胃癌诊断率,这与紫色粘膜的特征性发现有关。早期胃癌的病变存在于慢性胃炎和周围粘膜区域。本研究旨在使用LCI通过颜色差异和颜色成分值客观地表征这些病变组织。研究人员招募了52名患有早期胃癌的患者。在恶性病变和邻近粘膜中使用LCI计算颜色差异,并与切除的标本中的组织学发现进行比较。结果发现74%的病变中的癌症和周围粘膜使用白光成像(WLI)具有相似的颜色,而紫色粘膜使用LCI包围部分,呈现橙红色,橙色或橙白色。与WLI相比,使用LCI可以看到更大的色差,包括扁平型癌症。周围的紫色粘膜在组织学上与肠上皮化生相对应,有助于鉴别恶性病变。在慢性胃炎区域,40个病灶(83%)有紫色粘膜,8个病灶(17%)有非紫色粘膜,通过活组织检查诊断为肠上皮化生。紫色粘膜的颜色成分值与非紫色粘膜的颜色成分值显着不同。

【2】HER2阳性转移性胃癌患者曲妥珠单抗耐药机制研究进展

近日研究人员通过对曲妥珠单抗耐药性监测,探讨HER2阳性转移性胃癌(mGC)患者不良应答率和快速耐药的机制。研究人员对78名患者的血浆和组织活检标本进行416个临床相关基因的靶向测序,随后对24例HER 2阳性患者的97份血浆标本进行纵向分析,追踪治疗过程中的耐药情况并验证候选耐药基因。研究发现,基于靶向测序的HER 2基因体细胞拷贝数改变(SCNA)检测结果与荧光原位杂交数据高度一致,HER 2阳性SCNA比血浆癌胚抗原水平可更好地预测肿瘤缩小或进展。与基线相比,大多数先天性曲妥珠单抗耐药患者在治疗过程中表现出较高的HER 2 SCNA,而获得性抵抗患者HER2 SCNA水平下降。在基线6名以及治疗过程中5名曲妥珠单抗抵抗患者中,PIK3CA突变在先天性抵抗人群中最常见,而非ERBB2/4突变。基线血浆PIK3CA/R1/C3或ERBB2/4突变患者其无进展生存期显著缩短。此外,NF1突变与曲妥珠单抗耐药相关。临床中发现,HER2和MEK/ERK抑制剂联合应用可克服曲妥珠单抗的耐药性。

【3】胃癌患者中CDK5RAP3和DDRGK1低表达预测了胃癌患者预后不良

本项研究旨在阐明CDK5RAP3和DDRGK1的不同表达水平对接受根治性胃切除术的患者的长期存活的影响。研究人员通过免疫组织化检测胃癌患者体内的CDK5RAP3和DDRGK1的表达水平,纳入的病例总人数有135人,他们均接受了标准胃切除术。研究表明,与相邻非肿瘤组织相比,CDK5RAP3和DDRGK1的表达在胃癌组织是下调的。CDK5RAP3的表达与患者的年龄和肿瘤的T期密切相关。DDRGK1的表达与患者的性别,肿瘤分化程度(P= 0.036),组织学类型和肿瘤的N分期相关。低表达的CDK5RAP3或DDRGK1是胃癌患者的不良预后因素。表明CDK5RAP3和DDRGK1的共表达是胃癌的独立预后因素。

【4】Nivolumab和Nivolumab联合Ipilimumab治疗转移性食管胃癌患者

二线化疗失败后转移性食管胃癌的治疗选择有限。在亚洲人群晚期胃癌或胃食管交界处肿瘤患者中,Nivolumab与安慰剂相比可以改善患者总生存。近期一项研究探究了Nivolumab和Nivolumab联合Ipilimumab治疗化疗耐药的食管胃癌西方患者的安全性和有效性。来自欧洲或美国中心的局部晚期或转移性化疗耐药的胃癌、食管癌或胃食管交界处肿瘤患者接受Nivolumab或Nivolumab联合Ipilimumab治疗。研究还评估了肿瘤PD-L1状态与治疗反应和患者生存之间的关系。160例接受治疗的患者(59例Nivolumab 3mk/kg,49例Nivolumab 1mg/kg联合Ipilimumab 3mg/kg,52例Nivolumab 3mg/kg联合Ipilimumab 1mg/kg)中,79%的患者之前接受过两种或三种治疗。三组中,研究者评估的客观缓解率分别为12%,24%和8%。疾病缓解情况与肿瘤PD-L1状态无关。表明Nivolumab和Nivolumab联合Ipilimumab治疗化疗耐药的食管胃癌患者具有抗肿瘤活性,持续治疗反应,有助于长期总生存,且安全性可控。

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1381097, encodeId=ea20138109ed9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9281e34519b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研究进展#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73451, encryptionId=9281e34519b, topicName=研究进展)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f13d475, createdName=mashirong, createdTime=Mon Oct 22 13:18:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=350132, encodeId=07e23501326d, content=谢谢啦学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=21, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/07/20/adfb4c11efb3747c421ed150dd61ce5d.jpg, createdBy=1f6b2047005, createdName=晓w, createdTime=Mon Oct 22 09:07:22 CST 2018, time=2018-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=350010, encodeId=f02b35001006, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1bb241978, createdName=phoebeyan520, createdTime=Sun Oct 21 02:49:02 CST 2018, time=2018-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=349995, encodeId=ac693499950e, content=很好的学习机会, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/04/12/cd30eefc465f70dc4dad89bd57479781.jpg, createdBy=02be2318568, createdName=一天没事干, createdTime=Sat Oct 20 23:25:43 CST 2018, time=2018-10-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-10-22 晓w

    谢谢啦学习了

    0

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    2018-10-21 phoebeyan520

    学习了

    0

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    2018-10-20 一天没事干

    很好的学习机会

    0