Cn Cir J:经鼻导管高流量氧疗:治疗心衰低氧血症新方法

2018-12-17 中国循环杂志 xujing

经鼻导管高流量氧疗(HFNC)是一种新型无创通气方式,近年来凭借其恒温、恒湿的高流量氧气输送能力而广泛地应用于危重患者生命支持。该设备主要包括使流量保持在设定值的流量感受器及涡轮系统(输出装置)、主动加热湿化器、内置加热线路的呼吸管以及与患者端连接的鼻塞系统4个部分。根据患者需求HFNC 吸入氧气浓度(FiO2)可以设置为 21%~100%,流量通常可以设定在 20~60 L/min。来自输出设备

经鼻导管高流量氧疗(HFNC)是一种新型无创通气方式,近年来凭借其恒温、恒湿的高流量氧气输送能力而广泛地应用于危重患者生命支持。

该设备主要包括使流量保持在设定值的流量感受器及涡轮系统(输出装置)、主动加热湿化器、内置加热线路的呼吸管以及与患者端连接的鼻塞系统4个部分。根据患者需求HFNC 吸入氧气浓度(FiO2)可以设置为 21%~100%,流量通常可以设定在 20~60 L/min。

来自输出设备的气体经加温湿化器加热和加湿,随后通过加热呼吸管输送,经过鼻导管吸入患者体内,在提高舒适度的同时明显改善心衰患者的氧合。

高流量输送的温暖和湿润气体具有良好的生理效应。与其他标准氧疗方法相比,HFNC 具有许多生理优势:

(1)减少解剖死腔和清除二氧化碳(CO2);

(2)产生气道压力和增加呼气末肺容积;

(3)良好的舒适度和耐受性;

(4)可保护和优化黏膜纤毛转运系统功能;

(5)降低能量消耗;

(6)吸入氧气浓度值更高、更稳定;

(7)HFNC 对呼吸参数的影响主要表现在:降低呼吸频率、增加潮气量、小幅度提高气道压力和减少呼吸功;

(8)降低再插管率和病死率。

研究证明,HFNC用于心衰所导致低氧血症的治疗安全有效并改善预后.

但目前尚无针对 HFNC 在心衰不同进展阶段中应用的临床研究,HFNC 通过何种机制影响心功能、应用及结束的时机、具体参数的选择等问题仍无定论。

原始出处:赵梦林、于婕综述,祖凌云. 经鼻导管高流量氧疗应用于心力衰竭的研究进展. 中国循环杂志, 2018,33:407.

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