Circulation:多学科讨论:这个药能降低急诊PCI治疗的STEMI患者心肌梗死面积

2017-10-13 吴星 环球医学

2017年9月,发表在《Circulation》的由澳大利亚科学家进行的NACIAM试验(急性心肌梗死中的N-乙酰半胱氨酸治疗)表明,进行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗的ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)患者早期使用大剂量N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)+硝酸酯类药物治疗可降低心肌梗死面积。

2017年9月,发表在《Circulation》的由澳大利亚科学家进行的NACIAM试验(急性心肌梗死中的N-乙酰半胱氨酸治疗)表明,进行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗的ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)患者早期使用大剂量N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)+硝酸酯类药物治疗可降低心肌梗死面积。请看本期多学科讨论组临床药师各抒己见为您梳理本文看点——

背景:STEMI的治疗中包括急诊PCI,正在进行的研究都关注于使用辅助疗法降低梗死面积。NAC是一种抗氧化剂,具有活性氧清除特性,也会增强硝酸甘油(NTG)的作用,因此在急诊PCI中是一种具有潜在获益的辅助治疗。NACIAM试验检测了NAC对正在进行PCI的STEMI患者梗死面积的影响。

方法:这项随机、双盲、安慰剂对照、多中心研究评估了静脉高剂量NAC(2天29g)vs背景低剂量硝酸甘油(2天7.2mg)对早期心脏磁共振成像(MRI)评估的梗死面积的影响。次要终点包括心脏MRI确定的心肌抢救和肌酸激酶动力学。

结果:112例随机分组的STEMI患者中,75例(NAC组37例,安慰剂组38例)进行了早期心脏MRI。缺血预治疗的中位时间为2.4小时。在所有患者都进行背景硝酸甘油输注给药的情况下,随机分配到NAC组的患者的心脏MRI评估的梗死面积相对于安慰剂组绝对降低5.5%[中位,11.0%(四分位范围,4.1~16.3)vs 16.5%(10.7~24.2);P=0.02]。与安慰剂组(27%,14~42)相比,NAC组的心肌抢救几乎加倍(60%;37~79)(P<0.01),NAC和安慰剂组的中位肌酸激酶曲线下面积分别为22000和38000IU·h(P=0.08)。

结论:高剂量静脉注射NAC联合低剂量静脉注射硝酸甘油与正在进行PCI的STEMI患者梗死面积的降低相关。需要更大型的研究来评估该疗法对临床心脏结局的影响。

多学科讨论记实:

NACIAM是首个考察行直接PCI的急性STEMI患者中,高剂量静脉注射NAC+低剂量静脉注射硝酸甘油早期使用有益作用的试验。

使用NAC/NTG,心梗大小显着减小,心肌挽救显着增加。

急性STEMI中使用NAC/NTG是安全的。

临床意义:梗死面积减小,表明急性STEMI中,随着NAC/NTG的早期使用,随后的心脏事件显着减少,但需要在评估临床结局的大型随机对照研究中进行确认。

局限性:第一,仍有关于获益效果机制的不确定性:这个问题只有听过加入仅NAC的随机治疗组才能解决。第二,尽管当前类似梗死减少研究已经报告安慰剂组/治疗组之间LV功能无差异,但有些令人惊讶的是,尤其是鉴于既往NAC数据,NAC不显着改善梗死后LV功能。第三,尽管此研究中观察到的静脉注射NAC的安全性是可靠的,应注意的是,队列中糖蛋白IIb/IIIa抑制剂使用较低,因此不确定这些药物能否安全用于接受NAC的患者中。第四,此研究中的交互测试未事后分析,获得的结果应被视为探索性,并承担多次测试的假阳性结果的风险。第五,必须强调,如果NTG给药不一致或NAC口服给药(其口服生物利用度非常低)或NAC静脉注射剂量低,研究的结果可能不适用。最后,考虑到心梗面积和之后死亡率之间的关系,本研究的结果应被视为先导数据,以刺激在急性STEMI中进行一项大型随机对照研究,评估静脉注射NAC对心脏事件的影响。

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    2018-01-10 slcumt
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    2017-10-13 137****9095

    henhao

    0

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