Nature:多发性硬化症患者大脑的疾病根源——投射神经元

2019-08-07 佚名 生物通

发表在《Nature》杂志上的研究表明,“投射神经元(projection neuron)”对多发性硬化症(MS)的脑变化起着核心作用。投射神经元受到人体自身免疫细胞损伤,导致脑萎缩和多发性硬化症相关的认知变化。

发表在《Nature》杂志上的研究表明,“投射神经元(projection neuron)”对多发性硬化症(MS)的脑变化起着核心作用。投射神经元受到人体自身免疫细胞损伤,导致脑萎缩和多发性硬化症相关的认知变化。

多发性硬化症影响全球200多万人,MS的潜在症状较广,包括视力、运动和认知能力等问题。先前的研究表明,在MS患者中,大脑皮层区域随时间推移萎缩(所谓的皮质萎缩),直到现在,导致皮质萎缩的过程还不清楚。

剑桥大学、海德堡大学和加州大学旧金山研究所的研究人员利用MS患者尸检脑样本研究了与该病相关的多种细胞类型,并将其结果与没有MS的捐赠脑样本进行了比较。

“利用单核RNA测序技术(single nuclei RNA sequencing),我们研究单个脑细胞的基因组成,解开为什么某些细胞在MS中比其他细胞更容易受到损伤,”海德堡大学的Lucas Schirmer博士说。“我们的研究结果表明,一种特殊的名为投射神经元的神经细胞特别容易受到MS损伤。”

在健康人中,这些投射神经元参与大脑不同区域之间的信息交流。因此,这种神经元损伤可能会影响MS患者的认知能力。此外,损伤和丢失的细胞越多,大脑所占空间就越少。

而且在MS患者大脑,免疫细胞靶向投射神经元造成细胞应激和损伤。“产生抗体的免疫细胞与MS患者大脑中的投射神经元损伤有关,”剑桥大学的David Rowitch教授说。“表明针对免疫细胞的细胞疗法可以保护投射神经元。”

加州大学旧金山研究所的Dmitry Velmeshev博士和Arnold Kriegstein教授共同开发了用于分析单个脑细胞内遗传密码的技术。“新技术对理解人类神经发育和神经系统疾病具有广泛的适用性,不仅包括MS,也可以为自闭症谱系障碍提供新见解,”Arnold Kriegstein教授说。

“这项研究用最先进的基因表达分析技术为MS大脑炎症提供了一个有价值的新窗口,新见解将进一步刺激治疗方法的发展。这是一个令人兴奋的进步,证明尖端基因工具在理解大脑疾病方面的重要性,”Andrew Welchman博士说。

原始出处:Schirmer L, Velmeshev D, Holmqvist S, et al. Neuronal Vulnerability and Multilineage Diversity in Multiple Sclerosis. Nature. 2019 Jul 17.

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    2020-01-24 jml2009
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    2020-03-25 liye789132251
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    2019-08-08 坚强007

    向科研人员致敬!!!

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