Science:人类胸腺图谱成功绘制,人体“谷歌地图”又进一步!

2020-02-24 不详 生物探索

胸腺是负责多种类型T细胞成熟的器官,而T细胞则是保护我们免受感染的免疫系统。胸腺在儿童时期最大、最活跃,随着年轻的增长会逐渐萎缩,到35岁时几乎消失了。了解胸腺的发育过程,可以帮助我们揭示衰老以及免疫系统在生命中的变化。

胸腺是负责多种类型T细胞成熟的器官,而T细胞则是保护我们免受感染免疫系统。胸腺在儿童时期最大、最活跃,随着年轻的增长会逐渐萎缩,到35岁时几乎消失了。了解胸腺的发育过程,可以帮助我们揭示衰老以及免疫系统在生命中的变化。


人类胸腺的一部分

2月21日,来自英国Wellcome Sanger 研究所、纽卡斯尔大学和比利时根特大学的研究人员宣布,成功绘制了首个胸腺组织的全寿命图谱,为癌症和自身免疫性疾病新疗法打开了大门。相关研究结果以“A cell atlas ofhuman thymic development defines T cell repertoire formation”为题发表在《Science》杂志上。


DOI: 10.1126/science.aay3224

具体来说,研究人员利用单细胞RNA测序(scRNA-seq)分析了来自胚胎、婴儿和成人时期的胸腺的20万个细胞,根据基因表达结果,识别出50多种不同的胸腺细胞状态。人胸腺细胞状态在整个发育过程中以及在童年和成年期间,丰度和基因表达谱都发生了动态改变。同时,研究团人员确定了人胸腺成纤维细胞和上皮细胞的新亚群。根据从单细胞转录组中获得的标记基因,研究人员通过单分子荧光原位杂交技术(smFISH)在空间上定位了新细胞亚群。此外,他们还使用计算方法预测了人类T细胞发育的轨迹,包括从胎儿肝脏的早期造血祖细胞分化为多种成熟的T细胞类型。


构建人类胸腺细胞图谱

文章共同通讯作者、纽卡斯尔大学和Wellcome Sanger研究所高级临床研究员Muzlifah Haniffa教授表示:“通过胸腺细胞图谱,我们可以解释正在发育中的胸腺的细胞信号信息,探索将早期免疫前体细胞转化为特异性T细胞需要启动的基因。这项发现未来可以用作参考图谱,为T细胞找出最正确的攻击、杀死特定肿瘤的治疗方法。”

“人类胸腺图谱”是2016年启动的“人类细胞图谱计划”的一部分,目的是促进对人体健康与疾病有更深入的理解。”人类细胞图谱计划组织委员会、Wellcome Sanger研究所的Sarah Teichmann博士说道,“最新的这项成果有助于我们了解体内的发育途径以及解释与年龄相关的免疫系统下降的原因,为再生医学制造人造胸腺提供了可能性。”

原始出处:

Jong-Eun Park, Rachel A. Botting, Cecilia Domínguez Conde, et.al. A cell atlas of human thymic development defines T cell repertoire formation. Science  21 Feb 2020: Vol. 367, Issue 6480, eaay3224

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    2020-02-26 jichang
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    2020-02-26 isabellayj
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    2020-02-24 Jane1752

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