TISC 2014:中美卒中指南差异及颅内动脉狭窄的评估和危险因素管理

2014-07-02 国际循环 国际循环

中美卒中指南差异与各自特点 首先,指南制定方式不同。中国指南制定时更注重和强调专家意见,而美国指南更多强调循证医学证据水平而非专家意见,仅在真正无相关循证依据时才推荐采用专家意见。此外,美国指南中所有章节内容更详细,其最新急性卒中指南作出6个推荐,涉及从入院前分流到急性期管理再到出院所有环节,而中国指南主要强调住院期间的治疗。就治疗而言,中美指南大致相似,但也存在差异。例如,中国指南推荐可应用尿

中美卒中指南差异与各自特点

首先,指南制定方式不同。中国指南制定时更注重和强调专家意见,而美国指南更多强调循证医学证据水平而非专家意见,仅在真正无相关循证依据时才推荐采用专家意见。此外,美国指南中所有章节内容更详细,其最新急性卒中指南作出6个推荐,涉及从入院前分流到急性期管理再到出院所有环节,而中国指南主要强调住院期间的治疗。就治疗而言,中美指南大致相似,但也存在差异。例如,中国指南推荐可应用尿激酶进行溶栓治疗,是世界上目前仍使用这一药物的唯一国家。此外,中国指南还推荐应用神经保护制剂,而美国等西方国家因无这方面证据,并未予以推荐。中国指南对一些传统中药作出特别推荐。从某种意义上来说,如果患者同意,即使指南未推荐,也可将其作为治疗选择。此外,美国指南修订频率更频繁,一般每2年会更新1次,每4年编写一部新指南。今年5月份美国已更新卒中二级预防指南。我不知道中国新指南是否很快出台,但中国目前正在对新指南进行审查并希望能尽快更新。

评估颅内动脉疾病的方法

我们目前正在努力寻找哪些为卒中高危人群,以便积极采取措施预防其卒中事件发生。颅内动脉粥样硬化性疾病是卒中的已知危险因素。但到底何种程度狭窄,如是50%还是90%时患者才具有较高卒中发生风险,目前这一问题尚无确切答案。对患有颅内动脉粥样硬化性疾病患者,我们已有很好的方法评估其卒中风险。对较大的动脉粥样硬化性疾病如冠状动脉疾病而言,动脉狭窄越严重,患者卒中风险越高。这种情况是否适用于颅内动脉狭窄患者并不明确。有试验发现,一些狭窄程度仅为60%的患者即存在较高卒中风险,而有些狭窄80%的患者卒中风险却更低。


这提示,对伴有颅内动脉粥样硬化性疾病的患者而言,采用狭窄程度评估卒中风险可能有些过于简单,不是太准确,需采用其他方法。如可检查患者血液动力学、周围狭窄情况及侧支循环。若无侧支循环,可能患者就会面临较高卒中风险。最后,还可对斑块本身进行评估。动脉粥样硬化斑块可能是寻找颅内动脉狭窄的一种非常好的方法。与其他部位相比,颅内血管更细小,没有弹性层等特定血管层。与其他血管不同,血管缺乏弹性层时一旦形成动脉粥样硬化斑块,斑块特点及发生血栓概率均较严重。评估颅内动脉狭窄程度可能是评估患者卒中风险的方法之一,但肯定不是唯一方法。我们还有很多其他方法可用。

颅内动脉狭窄动脉粥样硬化的评估

目前,我们可通过MRI、血管造影及CT血管造影(CTA)对疾病进行评估。我们现在已经有基于CTA或MRI数据的计算机模拟系统评估患者血液动力学情况,以确定每次心跳是否能产生不同压力、观察内皮系统情况、确定薄弱区域位置并评估其是否存在破裂风险,继而导致血栓形成,引发卒中。

颅内动脉狭窄的危险因素和管理

颅内动脉粥样硬化性疾病的危险因素与其他全身疾病并无太大差异。常见的“三高”即高血脂、高血压和高血糖,是颅内动脉粥样硬化性疾病及其他动脉粥样硬化性疾病的已知主要危险因素。吸烟也在颅内动脉粥样硬化性疾病的发生发展过程中发挥重要作用。就血脂而言,我们都知道低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)是“坏”血脂,而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)是“好”血脂。HDL-C水平较低可增加颅内动脉粥样硬化性疾病发生风险,是另一危险因素。此外,同型半胱氨酸水平也可能与颅内动脉粥样硬化性疾病具有相关性,但仍需进一步研究。

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    2014-07-04 chen111111

    我同意以上观点,狭窄程度60%卒中可能性大于80%患者。说明侧支循环建立的好

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1984770, encodeId=678e1984e701c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ddc11e48295' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TISC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17482, encryptionId=ddc11e48295, topicName=TISC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTI5PdY90y5Jib8FnPhCXTR2d9v3K17epNSwB2eb0vmXUldNJl2e72S4unZTAHLAojicdVSialTDFHAxA/132, createdBy=78d82500042, createdName=ms7514935887898259, createdTime=Thu May 28 02:08:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1661443, encodeId=99091661443d4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5f32100380f3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#颅内动脉狭窄#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=100380, encryptionId=5f32100380f3, topicName=颅内动脉狭窄)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0c2a25292014, createdName=ms5236388012055669, createdTime=Thu Dec 11 04:08:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=10225, encodeId=e1c4102254c, content=我同意以上观点,狭窄程度60%卒中可能性大于80%患者。说明侧支循环建立的好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d2d2103784, createdName=chen111111, createdTime=Fri Jul 04 16:48:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1496836, encodeId=7e0414968368f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=217b33259df' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#动脉狭窄#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=33259, encryptionId=217b33259df, topicName=动脉狭窄)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b4ae9287436, createdName=piaojinhua, createdTime=Fri Jul 04 08:08:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1587759, encodeId=a60f158e7591f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cb1e1006ebd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ISC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10067, encryptionId=cb1e1006ebd, topicName=ISC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=173417575755, createdName=yankaienglish, createdTime=Fri Jul 04 08:08:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=10217, encodeId=d0a91021eeb, content=确实需要合作交流, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=114, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=58.247.194.114, createdTime=Wed Jul 02 23:39:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=10215, encodeId=0abd10215e0, content=中美有无差异?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=58.247.194.124, createdTime=Wed Jul 02 23:19:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1984770, encodeId=678e1984e701c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ddc11e48295' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TISC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17482, encryptionId=ddc11e48295, topicName=TISC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTI5PdY90y5Jib8FnPhCXTR2d9v3K17epNSwB2eb0vmXUldNJl2e72S4unZTAHLAojicdVSialTDFHAxA/132, createdBy=78d82500042, createdName=ms7514935887898259, createdTime=Thu May 28 02:08:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1661443, encodeId=99091661443d4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5f32100380f3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#颅内动脉狭窄#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=100380, encryptionId=5f32100380f3, topicName=颅内动脉狭窄)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0c2a25292014, createdName=ms5236388012055669, createdTime=Thu Dec 11 04:08:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=10225, encodeId=e1c4102254c, content=我同意以上观点,狭窄程度60%卒中可能性大于80%患者。说明侧支循环建立的好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d2d2103784, createdName=chen111111, createdTime=Fri Jul 04 16:48:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1496836, encodeId=7e0414968368f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=217b33259df' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#动脉狭窄#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=33259, encryptionId=217b33259df, topicName=动脉狭窄)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b4ae9287436, createdName=piaojinhua, createdTime=Fri Jul 04 08:08:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1587759, encodeId=a60f158e7591f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cb1e1006ebd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ISC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10067, encryptionId=cb1e1006ebd, topicName=ISC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=173417575755, createdName=yankaienglish, createdTime=Fri Jul 04 08:08:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=10217, encodeId=d0a91021eeb, content=确实需要合作交流, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=114, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=58.247.194.114, createdTime=Wed Jul 02 23:39:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=10215, encodeId=0abd10215e0, content=中美有无差异?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=58.247.194.124, createdTime=Wed Jul 02 23:19:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2014-07-04 yankaienglish
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1984770, encodeId=678e1984e701c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ddc11e48295' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TISC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17482, encryptionId=ddc11e48295, topicName=TISC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTI5PdY90y5Jib8FnPhCXTR2d9v3K17epNSwB2eb0vmXUldNJl2e72S4unZTAHLAojicdVSialTDFHAxA/132, createdBy=78d82500042, createdName=ms7514935887898259, createdTime=Thu May 28 02:08:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1661443, encodeId=99091661443d4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5f32100380f3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#颅内动脉狭窄#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=100380, encryptionId=5f32100380f3, topicName=颅内动脉狭窄)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0c2a25292014, createdName=ms5236388012055669, createdTime=Thu Dec 11 04:08:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=10225, encodeId=e1c4102254c, content=我同意以上观点,狭窄程度60%卒中可能性大于80%患者。说明侧支循环建立的好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d2d2103784, createdName=chen111111, createdTime=Fri Jul 04 16:48:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1496836, encodeId=7e0414968368f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=217b33259df' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#动脉狭窄#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=33259, encryptionId=217b33259df, topicName=动脉狭窄)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b4ae9287436, createdName=piaojinhua, createdTime=Fri Jul 04 08:08:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1587759, encodeId=a60f158e7591f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cb1e1006ebd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ISC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10067, encryptionId=cb1e1006ebd, topicName=ISC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=173417575755, createdName=yankaienglish, createdTime=Fri Jul 04 08:08:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=10217, encodeId=d0a91021eeb, content=确实需要合作交流, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=114, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=58.247.194.114, createdTime=Wed Jul 02 23:39:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=10215, encodeId=0abd10215e0, content=中美有无差异?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=58.247.194.124, createdTime=Wed Jul 02 23:19:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2014-07-02 58.247.194.114

    确实需要合作交流

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1984770, encodeId=678e1984e701c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ddc11e48295' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TISC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17482, encryptionId=ddc11e48295, topicName=TISC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTI5PdY90y5Jib8FnPhCXTR2d9v3K17epNSwB2eb0vmXUldNJl2e72S4unZTAHLAojicdVSialTDFHAxA/132, createdBy=78d82500042, createdName=ms7514935887898259, createdTime=Thu May 28 02:08:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1661443, encodeId=99091661443d4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5f32100380f3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#颅内动脉狭窄#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=100380, encryptionId=5f32100380f3, topicName=颅内动脉狭窄)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0c2a25292014, createdName=ms5236388012055669, createdTime=Thu Dec 11 04:08:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=10225, encodeId=e1c4102254c, content=我同意以上观点,狭窄程度60%卒中可能性大于80%患者。说明侧支循环建立的好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d2d2103784, createdName=chen111111, createdTime=Fri Jul 04 16:48:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1496836, encodeId=7e0414968368f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=217b33259df' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#动脉狭窄#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=33259, encryptionId=217b33259df, topicName=动脉狭窄)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b4ae9287436, createdName=piaojinhua, createdTime=Fri Jul 04 08:08:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1587759, encodeId=a60f158e7591f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cb1e1006ebd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ISC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10067, encryptionId=cb1e1006ebd, topicName=ISC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=173417575755, createdName=yankaienglish, createdTime=Fri Jul 04 08:08:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=10217, encodeId=d0a91021eeb, content=确实需要合作交流, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=114, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=58.247.194.114, createdTime=Wed Jul 02 23:39:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=10215, encodeId=0abd10215e0, content=中美有无差异?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=58.247.194.124, createdTime=Wed Jul 02 23:19:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2014-07-02 58.247.194.124

    中美有无差异?

    0