Lancet Haematol:老年AML新的低强度方案:克拉屈滨+低剂量阿糖胞苷交替地西他宾

2018-11-02 吴星 环球医学

急性髓性白血病(AML)老年或不适患者因结局较差和过量的毒性仍对一线治疗不满意。研究人员研究了一种新的低强度方案,旨在改善该患者人群的结局,方案为克拉屈滨+低剂量阿糖胞苷交替地西他宾。2018年9月,发表在《Lancet Haematol》的一项单组、开放标签、单中心2期研究调查了这种新治疗方案的安全性和有效性。

急性髓性白血病(AML)老年或不适患者因结局较差和过量的毒性仍对一线治疗不满意。研究人员研究了一种新的低强度方案,旨在改善该患者人群的结局,方案为克拉屈滨+低剂量阿糖胞苷交替地西他宾。2018年9月,发表在《Lancet Haematol》的一项单组、开放标签、单中心2期研究调查了这种新治疗方案的安全性和有效性。

目的:基于既往证据,研究人员假设,该联合方案比现有的去甲基化药物方案更安全和更有效。

方法:在这项单组、开放标签、单中心2期研究中,研究人员纳入了60岁或以上的既往未经治的AML或高风险骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)患者,这些患者器官功能良好,东部肿瘤协作组体力状态为2分或更低。患者接受2个周期的28天一周期的克拉屈滨+低剂量阿糖胞苷,并交替2个周期的28天一个周期的地西他宾,直至18个周期。诱导治疗(周期1)由第1~5天超过1~2小时静脉注射克拉屈滨5mg/m2和第1~10天皮下注射阿糖胞苷20mg每天2次组成。诱导方案期疾病缓解的患者进入巩固治疗(第1~3天超过1~2小时静脉注射克拉屈滨5mg/m2,第1~10天皮下注射阿糖胞苷20mg每天2次,第1~5天交替静脉注射地西他宾20mg/m2)。首要结局为无疾病生存期。次要结局指标为总生存期、实现完全应答的患者比例、实现应答的患者比例、毒性、诱导死亡率。所有经治患者都纳入到分析中。试验正在进行,并注册到ClinicalTrials.gov,注册号为NCT01515527。

结果:2012年2月17日~2017年7月6日,纳入和治疗了118名患者,其中48人(41%)具有不良核型,20人(17%)具有治疗相关的AML,18人(15%)具有治疗继发的AML,20人(17%)具有TP53突变。中位无疾病生存期为10.8个月(IQR,5.4~25.9)。80人(68%)实现客观应答:69人(58%)完全应答,11人(9%)完全应答而血细胞计数恢复不完全。中位总生存期为13.8个月(6.9~28.6)。方案耐受性良好,1人(1%)最初4周内死亡,8人(7%)最初8周内死亡。最常见的3级或以上非血液系统不良事件为感染(88人,75%)、总胆红素升高(26人,22%),皮疹(13人,11%),恶心(13人,11%)。

结论:克拉屈滨联合低剂量阿糖胞苷交替地西他宾是治疗新确诊为AML的老年或不适患者的安全和高度有效的方案。需要进一步检测该方案,从而帮助此类患者选择降低强度的新的有效选择。

原始出处:

Kadia TM, et al. Cladribine and low-dose cytarabine alternating with decitabine as front-line therapy for elderly patients with acute myeloid leukaemia: a phase 2 single-arm trial. Lancet Haematol. 2018 Sep;5(9):e411-e421. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3026(18)30132-7. Epub 2018 Aug 13.

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    2019-07-13 howi
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    2018-11-04 fengyi812
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2018年2月,美国国家综合癌症网络(NCCN)发布了急性髓性白血病指南2018年第1版,指南主要内容包括: 指南更新摘要 急性白血病和诊断研究评估(AML-1) APL,诱导治疗(AML-2) APL,诱导治疗和巩固治疗(AML-3) APL,巩固后治疗(AML-6) APL,复发治疗(AML-7) AML,标准剂量阿糖胞苷诱导缓解后治疗(年龄<60y)(AML-8) AML,大剂量阿糖胞苷诱导

Oncogene:AML潜在的治疗策略 — 以自噬或ATF4为治疗标靶。

FLT3酪氨酸激酶受体中的内部串联重复突变(FLT3-ITD),在急性髓性白血病(AML)中的发生率约为25%,并且与不良预后相关。为了更好地针对此类AML亚型,需要对FLT3-ITD如何影响AML的细胞生物学进行研究分析。