这4种降糖药已被证实有心血管获益

2016-05-03 郭艺芳 河北省人民医院

目前降糖药物主要包括胰岛素、二甲双胍、磺脲、格列奈、噻唑烷二酮、糖苷酶抑制剂、DPP-4i、GLP-1、SGLT-2抑制剂。在上述各类降糖药中,已被随机化临床试验证实有大血管获益仅有恩格列净、吡格列酮、利拉鲁肽与索马鲁肽。 1. 恩格列净:去年8月份公布的EMPA-REG研究证实,与安慰剂组受试者相比,在常规治疗基础上加用SGLT-2抑制剂恩格列净可以显著降低复合硬终点事件发生率。目前对

目前降糖药物主要包括胰岛素、二甲双胍、磺脲、格列奈、噻唑烷二酮、糖苷酶抑制剂、DPP-4i、GLP-1、SGLT-2抑制剂。在上述各类降糖药中,已被随机化临床试验证实有大血管获益仅有恩格列净、吡格列酮、利拉鲁肽与索马鲁肽。

1. 恩格列净:去年8月份公布的EMPA-REG研究证实,与安慰剂组受试者相比,在常规治疗基础上加用SGLT-2抑制剂恩格列净可以显著降低复合硬终点事件发生率。目前对于恩格列净获益的机制尚不清楚,但两组间糖化血红蛋白水平的差异仅约0.4%,这显然不会成为该药获益的主要因素。而与安慰剂组相比,恩格列净治疗组患者血压降低约4/2mmHg,根据既往的降压治疗试验的一般规律,这一血压差异完全可以对临床预后产生显著影响。因此推测恩格列净通过渗透性利尿而产生的降压作用可能是其主要获益机制。

2. 吡格列酮:新近揭晓的IRIS研究则发现,与安慰剂组相比,胰岛素抵抗患者应用胰岛素增敏剂吡格列酮治疗可以显著降低卒中心肌梗死风险。由于此研究对象是胰岛素抵抗患者而非糖尿病患者,尽管两组间空腹血糖存在轻度差异,也不太可能构成其主要获益机制,该药降低大血管事件的主要原因可能是通过改善胰岛素抵抗、增加胰岛素敏感性,而胰岛素抵抗被认为是糖尿病与心血管病的共同土壤。

3. 利拉鲁肽:不久前消息称,应用GLP-1激动剂利拉鲁肽进行的LEADER研究又取得了阳性结果。该研究旨在探讨GLP-1激动剂利拉鲁肽治疗对于2型糖尿病患者心血管终点事件的影响。采用多中心双盲安慰剂对照的随机化研究设计,共纳入9340例≥50岁、伴有心血管病、脑血管病、外周动脉疾病或慢性肾衰的2型糖尿病患者(HbA1c≥7.0%),或≥60岁并伴至少一项心血管危险因素的糖尿病患者。在常规治疗基础上随机分为两组,分别予以利拉鲁肽(1.8 mg,皮下注射,QD)或安慰剂治疗。主要复合终点为首次发生心血管死亡、非致死性心梗与非致死性卒中。目前此研究的详细结果尚未公布,但基于上述研究设计,两组受试者之间不会产生很大的血糖差异,因而利拉鲁肽获益的主要机制也不会是通过降低血糖水平实现的。根据现有研究结果推测,该药的降压与降低体重等降糖外作用很可能构成了利拉鲁肽降低主要复合终点事件的主要机制。

4. 索玛鲁肽:诺和诺德公司与4月28日宣布,GLP-1类似物家族新丁索玛鲁肽(semaglutide)在SUSTAIN 6研究中取得阳性结果。该研究共纳入3299例确诊心血管病或其高危患者。将受试者随机分为4组,分别应用索玛鲁肽0.5 mg或等量安慰剂每周一次皮下注射、或索玛鲁肽1 mg或等量安慰剂每周一次皮下注射。随访时间由终点事件数目驱动,最长随访期为148周。主要终点事件为首次发生心血管死亡、非致死性心肌梗死或非致死性卒中。据刚刚发布的消息,该研究已累计发生终点事件250次,索玛鲁肽治疗组患者主要终点事件风险显著降低。与利拉鲁肽相似,基于SUSTAIN6研究设计的特点分析,索玛鲁肽降低心血管事件风险的主要机制可能也不是降低血糖,其降糖外的作用(如减重、降低血压等)可能是其发挥心血管保护作用的主要机制。SUSTAIN 6研究具体数据公布后将有助于更为深入的分析其作用机制。目前此药尚未被批准上市。

虽然二甲双胍被国内外指南推荐为一线药物,但从证据力度而论,该药仍不够充分,其现有证据主要来自于UKPDS研究的亚组分析(即UKPDS 34)。该亚组分析比较了接受二甲双胍(342 例超重患者)、氯磺丙脲(265 例)、格列本脲(277 例)或胰岛素(409 例)强化降糖治疗的临床疗效。结果发现,与胰岛素或磺脲类药物治疗相比,超重的 2 型糖尿病患者应用二甲双胍强化降糖有助于降低糖尿病相关终点事件发生率,且较少增加体重,较少发生低血糖。据此,该研究认为二甲双胍应作为此类患者的一线治疗。但二甲双胍降低大血管事件风险的作用尚未被随机化临床试验重复证实。

随着降糖新药的不断上市以及相关临床研究的日趋完善,降糖药物的临床应用格局将会逐渐改变。

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=85225, encodeId=644b8522519, content=有帮助,又学一些, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=141, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=149d1722688, createdName=1deccd6bm00(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue May 10 08:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84822, encodeId=2ca78482294, content=对生活指导很大,学到了很多, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=542c1722086, createdName=无卡啦, createdTime=Sun May 08 21:55:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84794, encodeId=20bc84e946e, content=变化的真快,参考一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=172d1721528, createdName=QQ6709219e, createdTime=Sun May 08 20:30:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84432, encodeId=41db84432dd, content=好文章!收到、获益匪浅!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3xSHQO6hUsLfmSqiaQiceT0D77ib0rXiblAIwyTo0iciakSAGHE0nfEpNHl9icHMY6tKTW3kFdWSwKcWGvneZHicqoJsI5V/0, createdBy=2a221626427, createdName=王新春, createdTime=Fri May 06 16:45:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84424, encodeId=8f1f8442478, content=参考, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83er7gGJY7ibia1wDTTwTL7vXbqvekMBTHAsd3KZ7btXM9tnHuicI2LdxJtIiccXeDCiaTvzkwMuribZ9oHVA/0, createdBy=c7b81713099, createdName=木水晶, createdTime=Fri May 06 13:18:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1270829, encodeId=4b8812e0829b2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4066981e99e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#降糖药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=98179, encryptionId=4066981e99e, topicName=降糖药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b63894, createdName=minlingfeng, createdTime=Thu May 05 04:42:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84224, encodeId=618684224cb, content=嗯。这些药都很贵。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=9ebb1716792, createdName=黑心天使, createdTime=Wed May 04 19:15:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-05-10 1deccd6bm00(暂无匿称)

    有帮助,又学一些

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=85225, encodeId=644b8522519, content=有帮助,又学一些, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=141, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=149d1722688, createdName=1deccd6bm00(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue May 10 08:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84822, encodeId=2ca78482294, content=对生活指导很大,学到了很多, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=542c1722086, createdName=无卡啦, createdTime=Sun May 08 21:55:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84794, encodeId=20bc84e946e, content=变化的真快,参考一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=172d1721528, createdName=QQ6709219e, createdTime=Sun May 08 20:30:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84432, encodeId=41db84432dd, content=好文章!收到、获益匪浅!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3xSHQO6hUsLfmSqiaQiceT0D77ib0rXiblAIwyTo0iciakSAGHE0nfEpNHl9icHMY6tKTW3kFdWSwKcWGvneZHicqoJsI5V/0, createdBy=2a221626427, createdName=王新春, createdTime=Fri May 06 16:45:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84424, encodeId=8f1f8442478, content=参考, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83er7gGJY7ibia1wDTTwTL7vXbqvekMBTHAsd3KZ7btXM9tnHuicI2LdxJtIiccXeDCiaTvzkwMuribZ9oHVA/0, createdBy=c7b81713099, createdName=木水晶, createdTime=Fri May 06 13:18:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1270829, encodeId=4b8812e0829b2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4066981e99e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#降糖药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=98179, encryptionId=4066981e99e, topicName=降糖药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b63894, createdName=minlingfeng, createdTime=Thu May 05 04:42:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84224, encodeId=618684224cb, content=嗯。这些药都很贵。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=9ebb1716792, createdName=黑心天使, createdTime=Wed May 04 19:15:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-05-08 无卡啦

    对生活指导很大,学到了很多

    0

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    2016-05-08 QQ6709219e

    变化的真快,参考一下

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=85225, encodeId=644b8522519, content=有帮助,又学一些, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=141, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=149d1722688, createdName=1deccd6bm00(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue May 10 08:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84822, encodeId=2ca78482294, content=对生活指导很大,学到了很多, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=542c1722086, createdName=无卡啦, createdTime=Sun May 08 21:55:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84794, encodeId=20bc84e946e, content=变化的真快,参考一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=172d1721528, createdName=QQ6709219e, createdTime=Sun May 08 20:30:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84432, encodeId=41db84432dd, content=好文章!收到、获益匪浅!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3xSHQO6hUsLfmSqiaQiceT0D77ib0rXiblAIwyTo0iciakSAGHE0nfEpNHl9icHMY6tKTW3kFdWSwKcWGvneZHicqoJsI5V/0, createdBy=2a221626427, createdName=王新春, createdTime=Fri May 06 16:45:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84424, encodeId=8f1f8442478, content=参考, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83er7gGJY7ibia1wDTTwTL7vXbqvekMBTHAsd3KZ7btXM9tnHuicI2LdxJtIiccXeDCiaTvzkwMuribZ9oHVA/0, createdBy=c7b81713099, createdName=木水晶, createdTime=Fri May 06 13:18:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1270829, encodeId=4b8812e0829b2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4066981e99e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#降糖药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=98179, encryptionId=4066981e99e, topicName=降糖药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b63894, createdName=minlingfeng, createdTime=Thu May 05 04:42:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84224, encodeId=618684224cb, content=嗯。这些药都很贵。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=9ebb1716792, createdName=黑心天使, createdTime=Wed May 04 19:15:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-05-06 王新春

    好文章!收到、获益匪浅!

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=85225, encodeId=644b8522519, content=有帮助,又学一些, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=141, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=149d1722688, createdName=1deccd6bm00(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue May 10 08:44:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84822, encodeId=2ca78482294, content=对生活指导很大,学到了很多, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=542c1722086, createdName=无卡啦, createdTime=Sun May 08 21:55:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84794, encodeId=20bc84e946e, content=变化的真快,参考一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=172d1721528, createdName=QQ6709219e, createdTime=Sun May 08 20:30:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84432, encodeId=41db84432dd, content=好文章!收到、获益匪浅!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3xSHQO6hUsLfmSqiaQiceT0D77ib0rXiblAIwyTo0iciakSAGHE0nfEpNHl9icHMY6tKTW3kFdWSwKcWGvneZHicqoJsI5V/0, createdBy=2a221626427, createdName=王新春, createdTime=Fri May 06 16:45:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84424, encodeId=8f1f8442478, content=参考, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83er7gGJY7ibia1wDTTwTL7vXbqvekMBTHAsd3KZ7btXM9tnHuicI2LdxJtIiccXeDCiaTvzkwMuribZ9oHVA/0, createdBy=c7b81713099, createdName=木水晶, createdTime=Fri May 06 13:18:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1270829, encodeId=4b8812e0829b2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4066981e99e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#降糖药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=98179, encryptionId=4066981e99e, topicName=降糖药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b63894, createdName=minlingfeng, createdTime=Thu May 05 04:42:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84224, encodeId=618684224cb, content=嗯。这些药都很贵。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=9ebb1716792, createdName=黑心天使, createdTime=Wed May 04 19:15:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-05-06 木水晶

    参考

    0

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    2016-05-04 黑心天使

    嗯。这些药都很贵。

    0

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