Immunity:科学家发现自然杀伤细胞如何影响肝脏免疫功能

2019-02-26 杨保国 中国科学报

中国科大生命科学与医学部田志刚课题组发现,肝脏中存在一群能负调T细胞抗病毒免疫应答的特殊NK细胞,并揭示了其功能发挥的机制。相关成果日前发表于《细胞》出版集团旗下《免疫》杂志。

中国科大生命科学与医学部田志刚课题组发现,肝脏中存在一群能负调T细胞抗病毒免疫应答的特殊NK细胞,并揭示了其功能发挥的机制。相关成果日前发表于《细胞》出版集团旗下《免疫》杂志。

肝脏具有独特的免疫耐受属性,是许多病毒在体内进行复制的主要场所。肝脏T细胞往往不能产生有效的免疫应答去清除病毒,造成病毒持续性感染。然而,肝脏T细胞抗病毒能力低下的调控机制并不十分清楚。

自然杀伤(NK)细胞是机体重要的免疫细胞,被视为循环淋巴细胞。以往对循环的常规NK细胞(cNK)研究提示,其在抵抗病毒感染的过程中发挥重要作用。

田志刚研究组2013年在国际上首次报道了一群独特的定居于肝脏的NK细胞群体(LrNK)。它们不参与血液循环,并且与cNK细胞在基因和蛋白水平上呈现显著差异。

在最新研究中,研究人员利用LrNK细胞缺陷小鼠进行实验,发现其被病毒感染后,肝脏中T细胞功能增强,肝脏损伤加重,病毒减少。对正常小鼠或LrNK细胞缺陷小鼠外源转输LrNK细胞,则会抑制肝脏中T细胞的抗病毒反应,而cNK细胞促进T细胞抗病毒应答。这表明,LrNK细胞和cNK细胞在抗病毒感染中起到相反作用。LrNK细胞抑制肝脏中T细胞的抗病毒反应,从而导致病毒清除较慢,cNK细胞则加快病毒清除。体内外实验进一步发现,LrNK细胞依赖于其表面的一种PD-L1蛋白,对肝脏中T细胞的功能产生抑制。

该成果系统阐述了LrNK与cNK细胞在调控T细胞应答方面完全相反的功能,提示LrNK细胞在肝脏免疫耐受微环境的维持中扮演着重要作用,为理解NK细胞亚群组成与区域免疫特性塑造之间的内在联系提供了新依据。

原始出处:

Jing Zhou, Hui Peng, Kun Li, et.al. Liver-Resident NK Cells Control Antiviral Activity of Hepatic T Cells via the PD-1-PD-L1 Axis. Immunity VOLUME 50, ISSUE 2, P403-417.E4, FEBRUARY 19, 2019

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近日,科学家们在肠道一组免疫细胞中发现了一种机制,它会影响营养代谢,使身体更倾向于存储脂肪,而非将脂肪用于能量消耗。这一发现解释了为什么同样的饮食习惯下有的人仍然保持身材苗条,而有的人则吃成了胖子。当上皮内T细胞(位于小肠内壁的免疫细胞)具有蛋白质整合素β7的活性基因时,该机制就会起作用。