Nature:这种鲜为人知的蛋白质,竟在肥胖、糖尿病等代谢疾病中发挥着重要作用

2019-12-06 佚名 BioWorld

不知大家有没有听说过“孕酮受体膜成分2蛋白”(简称PGRMC2),如果没有听说过,那说明它真的是蛋白质界的“透明”的存在。

不知大家有没有听说过“孕酮受体膜成分2蛋白”(简称PGRMC2),如果没有听说过,那说明它真的是蛋白质界的“透明”的存在。

作为一个鲜为人知的蛋白,它曾在子宫、肝脏和身体的几个部位被检测到,但至于其存在的功能和意义并无深入研究。

然而,这个名字听起来与肥胖、代谢毫不沾边的蛋白质在最近竟然成了“人们认识肥胖和代谢问题的新的大门”。

近日,美国斯克里普斯研究中心(Scripps Research)的研究人员在研究中发现,PGRMC2蛋白在脂肪组织中高度表达,尤其是在棕色脂肪中含量最高。并且脂肪组织中缺少PGRMC2的小鼠在高脂饮食条件下会产生葡萄糖不耐,胰岛素抵抗等糖尿病典型症状。这一发现或许可为解决肥胖和代谢疾病带来新方法。

PGRMC2:血红素的“交通工具”

该团队基于小鼠实验发现:低温环境下,正常的小鼠能够通过代谢自身脂肪维持体温;而缺乏PGRMC2的小鼠则体温迅速下降,并在大脑发出了燃烧脂肪的信号后,仍然无法通过代谢脂肪产生足够的热量。

究其原因,Enrique Saez博士及其研究人员们发现:PGRMC2是血红素的“交通工具”,能够将血红素运输到哺乳动物的细胞线粒体中,以帮助代谢完成供能过程。

血红素是一种人们早就认识的重要分子,对细胞的增殖、死亡和昼夜节律等生理功能至关重要,但它的移动需要搭乘某种“重要交通工具”,而一直以来,这种起到交通作用的蛋白一直未被发现。

在研究人员使用细胞中的生化技术和先进的测定方法后,他们惊讶地发现:PGRMC2便是“第一个”在哺乳动物细胞中被发现的胞内血红素“交通工具”,能够将血红素从细胞质内的线粒体一路输送至细胞核,帮助代谢完成供能过程。

健康的褐色脂肪细胞(以绿色显示)需要足够数量的称为血红素的分子,从而使人体能够适当地代谢食物。

研究人员在知晓PGRMC2与血红素的关系后,还发现了PGRMC2富集的新部位——脂肪组织,尤其是棕色脂肪。并且当小鼠的褐色脂肪组织中缺少PGRMC2时,血红素含量下降了60%。论文第一作者Andrea Galmozzi博士形象的表示:“令人惊讶的是,褐色脂肪看起来变白了。”

PGRMC2:糖尿病的新药出发点

科学研究没有止步,研究人员再次猜想:如果脂肪组织中没有PGRMC2以运输血红素,又将会在体内发生什么情形呢?

在脂肪组织中不存在PGRMC2的情况下,研究人员用高脂肪饮食喂养小鼠,结果发现发现这类小鼠表现出对葡萄糖不耐,对胰岛素抵抗等糖尿病典型症状。

接着,研究人员猜想:激活PGRMC2,是不是有可能逆转代谢症状呢?

在给这些“糖尿病”小鼠注射PGRMC2的小分子激活剂后,血糖等方面的相关症状得到了显着改善。研究还发现,要逆转肥胖对健康产生的严重影响,调节脂肪组织中PGRMC2的活性或许是一种有用的药理学方法。

结语

除此之外,Sazez博士还表示,很想知道,这种蛋白质在其他组织中是否也起着同样的作用。比如,肝脏中也有大量血红素,激活其中的血红素“旅行巴士”,或许也可以有助于减轻非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)等代谢紊乱。

原始出处:
Andrea Galmozzi, Bernard P Kok , Enrique Saez ,et al.PGRMC2 Is an Intracellular Haem Chaperone Critical for Adipocyte Function .Nature .576 (7785), 138-142 Dec 2019 .PMID: 31748741 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1774-2

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    2020-02-03 liye789132251
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    2019-12-06 misszhang

    谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯

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