Cancer Cell:科学家发现迫使癌细胞“自杀”的全新化合物!

2017-10-10 sunshine2015 来宝网

阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦医学院的科学家发现了第一个可以直接使癌细胞自杀的化合物,同时也挽救了健康细胞,避免损伤。在今天的癌细胞问题中描述的新的治疗方法主要是针对急性骨髓性白血病(AML)细胞,但也可能攻击其他类型的癌症。

全新疗法引起癌细胞自我毁灭而不会影响正常细胞】阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦医学院的科学家发现了第一个可以直接使癌细胞自杀的化合物,同时也挽救了健康细胞,避免损伤。在今天的癌细胞问题中描述的新的治疗方法主要是针对急性骨髓性白血病(AML)细胞,但也可能攻击其他类型的癌症。

“我们希望通过直接导致癌细胞自我毁灭,我们正在开发的目标化合物将比目前的抗癌治疗方法更有效,”生物化学和医学副教授即该研究的资深作者Evripidis Gavathiotis博士说。 “理想情况下,我们的化合物将与其他治疗方法相结合,以更快,更有效地杀死癌细胞,并减少不良反应,这是标准化学疗法的常见问题。”

所有新型白血病病例中,有近三分之一的抗逆转录酶治疗患者,每年造成超过10,000名美国人死亡。患者的存活率几十年来一直保持在30%左右,所以迫切需要更好的治疗方法。

新发现的化合物通过触发细胞凋亡来防治癌症,这是一个重要的过程,该过程会使身体去除不必要的或发生故障的细胞。例如,胚胎发育过程中细胞凋亡修复了多余的组织,一些化疗药物通过破坏癌细胞中的DNA间接诱导细胞凋亡。

凋亡发生在BAX-细胞中的“执行蛋白”被细胞中的“促细胞凋亡”蛋白激活时。一旦激活,BAX分子就在寄居在线粒体,并在线粒体中产生能量的细胞部分中发生致死孔。但是,癌细胞经常会设法防止BAX杀死它们。它们通过产生大量抑制BAX和激活它的蛋白质的“抗凋亡”蛋白来确保其存活。

Gavathiotis博士说:“我们的新颖化合物通过与BAX激活位点的高亲和力结合来复活癌细胞中被抑制的BAX分子。 “然后BAX便可以发挥作用,杀死癌细胞,同时保持健康的细胞不受损害。”

Gavathiotis博士是“自然”杂志2008年度报告的主要作者,首先描述了BAX激活位点的结构和形状。他曾经寻找能够强力激活BAX的小分子,以克服癌细胞对细胞凋亡的抵抗力。他的团队最初使用电脑来筛选超过一百万种化合物,以揭示具有BAX结合潜力的化合物。最有希望的500种化合物 - 其中许多是由Gavathiotis博士团队新合成的,然后在实验室中进行评估。

主要作者丹尼斯·雷纳(Denis Reyna,MS博士生)说:“被称为BTSA1(BAX Trigger Site Activator 1的简称)的化合物被证明是最有效的BAX激活剂,当加入到几种不同的人类急性骨髓性白血病(AML)细胞系中时,引起快速和广泛的凋亡。在加瓦西奥蒂博士的实验室。接下来的研究人员在高危急性骨髓性白血病(AML)患者的血液样品中测试了BTSA1。引人注目的是,BTSA1诱导患者的急性骨髓性白血病(AML)细胞凋亡,但不影响患者健康的造血干细胞

最后,研究人员通过将人类急性骨髓性白血病(AML)细胞移植到小鼠中来产生急性骨髓性白血病(AML)的动物模型。把BTSA1给予一半的急性骨髓性白血病(AML)模型小鼠,而另一半则作为对照组。平均而言,BTSA1处理的小鼠比对照小鼠(40天)存活时间明显更长(55天),43天的BTSA1处理的急性骨髓性白血病(AML)小鼠在60天后存活,并且没有显示急性骨髓性白血病(AML)的迹象。

重要的是,用BTSA1治疗的小鼠没有显示毒性的证据。 Gavathiotis博士说:“BTSA1激活BAX并引起急性骨髓性白血病(AML)细胞凋亡,同时保护健康细胞和组织 - 可能是因为癌细胞被引发凋亡。他指出,他的研究发现,来自患者的急性骨髓性白血病(AML)细胞与健康人的正常血细胞相比具有显着更高的BAX水平。他说:“在急性骨髓性白血病(AML)细胞中可以获得更多的BAX,”他解释说,即使是较低的BTSA1剂量也会引发足够的BAX激活,导致凋亡,同时保护含有低水平或根本不存在BAX的健康细胞。

计划要求Gavathiotis博士及其团队在对其他类型癌症的动物模型进行测试时,看看BTSA1是否会显示出类似的效果。

原始出处:

Denis E. Reyna, Thomas P. Garner, Andrea Lopez, et al. Direct Activation of BAX by BTSA1 Overcomes Apoptosis Resistance in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancer Cell, 2017. Volume 32, Issue 4, p490–505.e10, 9 October 2017.

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    2018-07-18 维他命
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    2017-10-12 yxch36
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    2017-10-10 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    学习了.涨知识

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