全子宫切除术后卵巢富细胞性纤维瘤1例

2019-03-30 刘星慧 张羡 高雪松 实用妇产科杂志

患者,54岁,因子宫全切术后7年,B超检查发现盆腔肿物 1+月,于2018年2月28日入我院。患者2011年因“子宫肌 瘤”外院行腹式全子宫切除术,术后病理检查提示:子宫肌瘤 (具体不详)。术后不定期随诊,1个月前B超检查发现盆腔包 块,直径约4 cm。

1病例报告

患者,54岁,因子宫全切术后7年,B超检查发现盆腔肿物 1+月,于2018年2月28日入我院。患者2011年因“子宫肌 瘤”外院行腹式全子宫切除术,术后病理检查提示:子宫肌瘤 (具体不详)。术后不定期随诊,1个月前B超检查发现盆腔包 块,直径约4 cm。彩超检查示:盆腔内见一低回声团,大小约42 mm X38 mm,回声均匀,边界清。盆腔CT检查示:盆腔内可 见多个结节、肿物影,部分融合,大者位于左侧盆腔,大小约53 mm×50 mm,增强可见均匀中度强化,考虑子宫肌瘤术后复 发可能性大。肿瘤标志物检查示:癌抗原125(CAl25)9.32 U/Tnl, 神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)15.28 ng/ml,人附睾蛋白4 (HE4)47.87 pmol/L。患者近1月无发热,无下腹痛及异常阴 道流血,体质量无明显减轻,饮食及大小便正常。自诉3年前 诊断高血压病,规律服用药物治疗,血压控制可。患者子宫切除前月经规律,14岁初潮,经期7天,周期28—30天,量中, 无痛经。末次月经具体不详,G:P:,均为顺产。 入院查体:下腹部见一纵形陈旧性手术瘢痕,专科检查:双合诊可及盆腔中部一直径约5 cm包块,质硬,表面光滑,活动 度差。彩超检查示:盆腔一囊实性肿物,以实性为主,大小 69 mm x43 mm x45 mm,包膜完整,囊液清,内见星点状血流。 入院诊断:①盆腔包块性质待查;②高血压病2级。于2018年 3月2 13行剖腹探查术,术中见:双侧卵巢萎缩、双侧输卵管外 观未见异常。膀胱后、左侧卵巢旁可触及一肿物,与左侧卵巢相连,大小约6 em x4 cm,呈分叶状,包膜完整,肿物与直肠、乙 状结肠、盆壁关系紧密,周围无肉眼可见其他病灶。完整剥除 该肿物,送冰冻病理切片检查,结果回报:富细胞性平滑肌瘤。 考虑到不排除肿物来源于左侧卵巢,患者无生育需求,给予加 行左侧附件切除术。 术后石蜡切片病理示:卵巢富细胞性纤维瘤,免疫组化9CD34(+),平滑肌肌动蛋白(SMA)(一),结蛋白(Desmin) (一),抑常0素(Inhibin)(一),CDll7(一),Ki-67约2%(+), 见图l、2。出院诊断:①左侧卵巢富细胞性纤维瘤;②高血压 病2级。术后复查血常规未见明显异常。术后未行放、化疗, 至今未复发。

2讨论

2.1定义2006年Irving等在总结75例卵巢纤维瘤病例 特点后,首先提出卵巢富细胞性纤维瘤(MACF)的概念,2014 年WHO组织学分类将核分裂象≥4/10高倍视野(HPF)且无 严重核异型性的纤维瘤定义为MACF。MACF是卵巢性索间 质肿瘤中的一种非特异性组织肿瘤,MACF患者的中位年龄为 4l岁,肿瘤平均直径约9.4 cm,目前该病的病因尚不明确。

2.2临床表现MACF比较少见,目前对其病例报道并不多, 临床表现以盆腔包块为主,少数患者有腹痛,包块可伴有出血、 水肿及囊性变,囊性变时一般形成单囊,多囊罕见。2 J。目前有过报道的病例分别有以下症状:下肢深静脉血栓和肺栓塞; 肿瘤生长迅速,1年肿瘤体积增长约2倍,但影像学资料不支 持恶性肿瘤特性;伴CAl25水平显著升高及梅格斯综合 征。但这些表现仅为个例,缺乏特异性,无法据此明确诊 断,所以还需不断积累总结该病临床特点。本例患者因子宫肌 瘤剔除术后常规体检,B超检查发现盆腔包块而就诊,无腹痛, 查血清肿瘤标志物CAl25及HE4正常,影像学检查提示:盆腔 囊实性肿物,以实性为主,故术前考虑良性肿物可能性大。

 2.3诊断 MACF的诊断主要依靠术后病理检查,顾伟勇 等‘61总结其病理特点:镜下肿瘤细胞呈梭形,密集,无明显核异型性,呈束状的交织排列,含少量性索成分,网状纤维将其包 绕,部分有黄素化细胞。免疫组化:不同程度地表达Inhibin.a、 Calretinin、雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR),但均无EMA、 CD99及FOXL2表达,性索成分中有CK(AEl/AE3)表达, Ki_67增殖指数1%~20%。

2.4鉴别诊断盆腔包块首先考虑子宫、卵巢来源,本例患者 盆腔包块以实性为主,因已行腹式子宫全切术,故不考虑子宫 肌瘤复发,且联合B超等影像学检查,考虑卵巢来源的肿物,主 要应与卵巢良恶性肿瘤相鉴别。根据该肿物的囊实性特点可 与卵巢生殖细胞肿瘤、性索间质肿瘤及生殖道以外的肿瘤相鉴 别。①成人型颗粒细胞瘤:属于低度恶性肿瘤,能分泌雌激素, 可出现明显内分泌紊乱症状。②卵巢纤维瘤:肿瘤以单侧居 多,包块为实性、质硬、表面光滑,两者术前难以鉴别,主要依据 病理核分裂象的数目多少相鉴。③卵巢原发恶性肿瘤:短期迅 速增大,肿块较大,实性或囊实性,伴出血坏死,边界不清,固 定,常伴有腹水;CAl25、HE4增高。④卵巢转移瘤:以癌转 移的库肯勃瘤常见,肿瘤为双侧,或伴有腹胀、腹水,肠镜检 查可发现原发性肿瘤。⑤生殖道以外的肿瘤:需要与腹膜后肿 瘤、直肠癌、乙状结肠癌、膀胱癌等鉴别,此类患者伴有相应的 消化道或泌尿道症状,B超、胃肠镜、膀胱镜检查有助于鉴别。

2.5治疗及预后由于临床病例较少,目前对MACF的治疗 没有统一的标准。多数学者认为MACF有复发倾向,应按交界 性肿瘤处理,以手术治疗为主,目前已知的术式多为开腹手术, 国外有报道行腹腔镜手术的病例。对于手术范围无明确要 求,至少应直接完整切除肿瘤病灶,如术中发现包膜破裂或粘 连,应适当扩大手术范围,术后可考虑辅以放、化疗[81。Zong 等认为,尽管需要保留生殖能力的妇女应避免过度治疗,但 应考虑其他危险因素,如肿瘤大小、生长速度和Ki-67阳性,以 决定手术范围和术后是否需要辅助治疗。本例患者术前检查 及术中探查及术中冰冻病理切片检查皆考虑良性肿瘤,结合患 者已无生育需求,给予行左附件切除术,术后未予放化疗,随访 至今未复发。 MACF预后较纤维肉瘤好,但有报道术后五年复发的案例,也有因该病死亡者,所以即使初次手术无包膜粘连、破 裂,术后仍需长期随访。国外曾报道因子官肌瘤行子宫全切术 12年后,患者因下肢肿胀疼痛检查而发现该病日J,但国内暂无类似病例报道。本病例患者因子宫肌瘤行子宫全切术后7年 发现该疾病,为临床诊断提供了一个新的思考。 MACF是一种新发现的卵巢细胞纤维瘤亚型,病理科医生 和临床医生应该意识到这一罕见的疾病,以防止误诊为纤维肉 瘤或卵巢其它恶性肿瘤而造成的过度治疗。目前仍需要积累 更多MACF的临床病例资料,不断完善对该疾病的认识。

原始出处:

刘星慧,张羡,高雪松,郑少烈等,全子宫切除术后卵巢富细胞性纤维瘤1例[J],实用妇产科杂志,2018,34(12)。

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