J ALZHEIMERS DIS:巧克力能有效预防阿尔茨海默症的发生吗?

2015-09-17 MedSci MedSci原创

J ALZHEIMERS DIS:可可多酚可有效预防阿尔茨海默症的发生吗?通常认为巧克力是一种有益于身体健康的食物。据发表于《 Alzheimer's Disease》上的一篇新的研究表明,巧克力中的营养成分可保持大脑的健康,防止与年龄相关的神经退行性病,如阿尔茨海默症。多酚类物质是一类具有争议的微量元素,可可提取物中可大量发现此类物质。研究表明,巧克力和可可可降低心脏病的发病风险。尤其是称为黄烷

通常认为巧克力是一种有益于身体健康的食物。据发表于 Alzheimer's Disease上的一篇新的研究表明,巧克力中的营养成分可保持大脑的健康,防止与年龄相关的神经退行性病,如阿尔茨海默症。

多酚类物质是一类具有争议的微量元素,在可可提取物中大量发现此类物质。

研究表明,巧克力和可可能降低心脏病的发病风险。尤其是称为黄烷醇的多酚类物质,已证实具有抗氧化作用,可减小因心脏病所致的心肌细胞损伤,同时还具有血液稀释的特性。

六月,今日医学新闻报道了一项研究,该研究表明每天摄入100g的巧克力可降低心脏病及中风的发病风险。

此外,还有一些研究表明,摄入可可提取物可有助于减少年龄相关性的认知功能障碍,并有助于健康的大脑老化。

Dr. Giulio Maria Pasinetti教授曾有一项研究表明,可可提取物中的某特定物质可预防动物阿尔茨海默症的发生。

这些研究发现,可可中的多酚类物质可有助于减少并清除大脑中的有害蛋白质,如β-淀粉样蛋白和异常沉积的tau蛋白。

该综述中,作者报道,2010年约有356万名阿尔茨海默症患者,预计2030年患者的数目可能会翻倍。目前该疾病的治疗仅能缓解患者的认知能力下降程度,但并不能减缓疾病的进展。

研究表明,食物中的多酚类物质可通过血脑屏障到达大脑内部,这对于阿尔茨海默症的发展至关重要。

“例如,我们发现,异槲皮苷——一种多酚类物质的代谢产物,可通过血脑屏障(BBB),并在大脑中积累,并可调节神经退行性病变的发病机制,”研究人员写道。

在防止大脑中异常蛋白质(如β-淀粉样蛋白)的沉积中,可可多酚可防止大脑中突触的减少,因而有助于保持神经细胞之间的功能连接。

为了充分利用可可提取物的保健潜能, Dr. Pasinetti 及其同事建议,需要一个联合多学科多单位的方法,包括可可生产商,批发商以及生物医学研究人员的合作。

研究人员指出,目前世界上可可的供求之间存在1百万吨的差距,加上不久的将来,气候,生长以及疾病的变化可影响可可的种植,从而可加大这个差距。

目前,组织工程所研究出的新的可可种子更耐疾病,产量更高。

作者还指出,仍需更多的研究以探究可可提取物对人认知功能的影响机制。最后,研究人员建议,应规范可可多酚的提取和分析方法。他们总结道:


“临床环境中可可提取物成功的转化研究需要协调衔接可可提取物新来源的发展,改善定量检测可可多酚类物质的标准化方法以及探究可可加工的影响和可可多酚的生物可用性及生物活性的研究工作。”

原始出处:

Could cocoa hold the key to Alzheimer's prevention? MNT, 15 September 2015.

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    2015-10-04 仁心济世
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