Cell Metab:热量限制延长寿命,关键在调节线粒体网络

2017-10-30 漱石 生物探索

近期,“热量限制延长寿命”的观点频频进入公众视野,但这背后的生物学机制科学家们仍然不清楚。10月26日,Cell Metabolism上的一项研究发现,热量限制能够通过调控线粒体网络、重构过氧化物酶体从而延长寿命。

近期,“热量限制延长寿命”的观点频频进入公众视野,但这背后的生物学机制科学家们仍然不清楚。10月26日,Cell Metabolism上的一项研究发现,热量限制能够通过调控线粒体网络、重构过氧化物酶体从而延长寿命。

一个月前,探索君曾报道过Nature Communications上的一项研究:热量限制能够延缓随着衰老发生的表观基因组漂变,从而延长寿命。近日,来自哈佛大学公共卫生学院的最新研究从细胞“发电厂”——线粒体的角度再次阐述了“热量限制延长寿命”机制。新研究表明,随着时间推移,细胞处理能量的能力下降,从而导致衰老和与年龄有关的疾病,而诸如间歇性禁食之类的干预能通过控制细胞内的线粒体网络从而促进健康的衰老,延长寿命。

图片来源:Cell

线粒体是细胞内负责产生能量的细胞器,它处于一个能根据能量需求进行动态变化的复杂网络之中。线粒体随着衰老功能下降,但这对新陈代谢和细胞功能的影响之前还不清楚。在这项研究中,研究人员发现了线粒体网络的动态变化与寿命之间的因果关系。

科学家们研究对象为线虫,线虫只存活两周,因此可以在实验室中实时研究衰老。细胞内的线粒体网络通常在融合和分裂的状态之间切换,维持在一个动态平衡之中。研究人员发现,限制线虫的饮食,或者通过基因操作AMPK(AMP依赖的蛋白激酶,是生物能量代谢调节的关键分子)来模拟饮食限制过程,能够将线粒体网络维持在一个融合或“年轻”状态。此外,他们还发现这些年轻态的网络通过与过氧化物酶体(真核细胞内的一种细胞器,主要功能是催化脂肪酸的β-氧化)交流来调节脂肪代谢,延长寿命。

“尽管之前的研究已经表明间歇性禁食可以延缓衰老,但我们才刚开始了着背后生物学基础。”哈佛大学遗传学和复杂疾病副教授、该研究的资深作者William Mair说。“我们的研究表明,线粒体网络的可塑性对禁食的益处是至关重要的。如果把线粒体锁定在一个状态,我们就完全阻断了禁食或饮食限制对长寿的影响。”

接下来,研究人员将测试线粒体网络在哺乳动物禁食中的作用,以及线粒体弹性的缺陷是否可以解释肥胖与年龄相关疾病风险增加之间的联系。

原始出处:
Heather J. Weir, Pallas Yao, Frank K. Huynh, et al.Dietary Restriction and AMPK Increase Lifespan via Mitochondrial Network and Peroxisome Remodeling.CELL METAB?.2017.10.26.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2017.09.024

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    2018-03-14 一闲
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    2017-12-05 维他命
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    2018-03-03 guojianrong
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1896181, encodeId=87ea1896181f3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4a391158248' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11582, encryptionId=4a391158248, topicName=MET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18fc139, createdName=一闲, createdTime=Wed Mar 14 22:26:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1960512, encodeId=e42819605126d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Tue Dec 05 21:26:00 CST 2017, time=2017-12-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1887755, encodeId=62fc188e75541, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d56611584ec' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Meta#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11584, encryptionId=d56611584ec, topicName=Meta)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d8f4110, createdName=guojianrong, createdTime=Sat Mar 03 14:26:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1870250, encodeId=737c18e0250c8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Wed May 09 20:26:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1336926, encodeId=6a9d133692605, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=91386e25889' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#热量限制#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=67258, encryptionId=91386e25889, topicName=热量限制)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/L2dMhrxjvSWuPWKZZP1I83Rw21EWia7LVTYJibLQkb4oTibrYLwhnAXntTBWR3FruIzKfNMiaBwhYV0AKNmiaNxfialg/132, createdBy=6ea92500119, createdName=ms9608593228839890, createdTime=Wed Nov 01 02:26:00 CST 2017, time=2017-11-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1479857, encodeId=d43914e9857f9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=456b4954350' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#延长寿命#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=49543, encryptionId=456b4954350, topicName=延长寿命)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d9587588723, createdName=hittouch, createdTime=Wed Nov 01 02:26:00 CST 2017, time=2017-11-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1613843, encodeId=f6c5161384333, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d87e6e25687' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#热量#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=67256, encryptionId=d87e6e25687, topicName=热量)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=bba919440409, createdName=ms2536978994064944, createdTime=Wed Nov 01 02:26:00 CST 2017, time=2017-11-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=257232, encodeId=b42b25e232b7, content=学习了.谢谢., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/xkvRjYnJzzRJ2R0y7VhicibvkjPWHjIMmu4ZpKnE9cWAu4lVicS3uDUCfF4M4JWvrkrYfpb2KehPV0Ee29tPqyPEebBUibiaKhnvD/0, createdBy=f8412001184, createdName=惠映实验室, createdTime=Mon Oct 30 13:28:43 CST 2017, time=2017-10-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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    2017-10-30 惠映实验室

    学习了.谢谢.

    0

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