BMJ:王辰院士盘点中国指南:发表664个指南,三分之一为中医;平均引用36条参考文献,国际指南为400条

2018-02-12 卢芳 中国循环杂志

《英国医学杂志》是英国老牌杂志,近日在其创刊170多年来首次发表了主题为“中国医学研究”的中国专辑。

《英国医学杂志》是英国老牌杂志,近日在其创刊170多年来首次发表了主题为“中国医学研究”的中国专辑。

这一专辑邀请了多位中国医学相关领域权威专家就中国医学研究热点撰写了系列文章,近日的4篇分别展示了“健康中国2030”、“临床实践指南”、“真实世界证据”和“医学大数据”等中国医学研究存在的困惑和进展。

临床实践指南,是改善提高临床质量很好的工具。中医内科学教育部重点实验室、北京中医药大学东直门医院陈耀龙教授,国家呼吸系统疾病临床医学研究中心、中日友好医院呼吸疾病中心王辰院士等学者就此阐述了他们对中国临床实践指南的制订和推广等的看法。

中国发表664个指南,三分之一为中医

数据显示,1993-2016年,中国共发表了664份指南,这些指南共由256个学者撰写,其中多为中华医学会及其分支学科制定。其中有1/3为中医。



图1 1994-2016年中国医学期刊共发布的664份临床实践指南

指南的数量逐年上升,而专家共识数量更是多上加多。一项研究发现,中国心血管领域仅14项指南,但同期发表了186个专家共识。这些专家共识没有标准的方式,也不系统检索证据,更不阐述利益冲突。

此外,指南和共识还存在较多问题。

对现有临床研究梳理不够充分

中国指南的质量比西方稍逊。

中国指南的临床推荐往往对现有临床研究梳理不够充分,引用的参考文献条目平均为36条,而国际上一份指南为400条。

中国指南引用的Cochrane数据库的综述也不多,172份指南中引用了71篇,而与英国比较,106份NICE指南,引用了731篇综述。

缺乏针对基层医疗的指南

在指南针对性方面,很少有指南实践是专门针对基层工作者,尤其是广大乡医的。而基层医疗是整个医疗服务体系中最为重要的。

很少得到政府或其他非利益组织的资金支持

指南及共识的利益冲突也很重要,比如专家共识,很多没有采用正式的流程,也未系统地使用循证医学证据,同时很少标明利益冲突。

而中国指南的制定较西方很少会得到政府或其他非利益组织的资金支持,退而求其次只能寻求制药公司的支持,但这样就可能会产生偏倚,可信度降低。

指南和共识这么多,执行情况如何?目前尚乏系统数据,有两项调查研究显示,对中医指南的临床执行率为50%,到患者那里又打折扣达20%~40%。

国际指南不能代表中国

中国指南质量欠缺,那么采用国际指南最高效、也最具成本效益,但这样做也有问题。

首先由于方法学瑕疵,不同指南或对同一个临床问题的临床推荐是不一样的;还有就是与中国相关的因素也可能被忽略。

即使国外指南临床推荐比较完美,但不是针对中国人群、中国国情,有时还是“削足适履”。

制定指南5建议

怎么打造中国“好指南”?作者给出了5个建议。

1. 制订新指南前要充分梳理和消化现有国内外指南。作者还推荐了两个网站:http://www.g-i-n.net/library 和 https://www.guideline.gov/browse/clinical-specialty。

2. 通过梳理现有相关国内外指南,来明确是否需要从头来撰写个新的。如果有必要重新制订,那么就需要遵照严谨的流程方法。中华医学会也发布过相关指南。

3. 关注指南报告的方法学和规范化,比如兰州大学基础医学院循证医学研究所杨克虎教授和陈耀龙教授就制定了RIGHT国际实践指南标准。这一指南也是目前唯一一个同时适用于卫生系统、公共卫生和临床医学指南的标准。

4. 建立收集、传播和实施指南的全国性系统,加强管理指南中存在的利益冲突,并做好质控。目前国家卫计委下属机构正在实施。

5. 加强国际协作。

总之,很多因素都可影响一份可信度高质量高的指南的制订,包括高质量的临床研究、严谨的方法、高效的过程、严格质控以及广泛的传播等。

2018已经来临,虽然过去在中国指南的完善和制订有所进步,但未来还有很大的提升空间,需要做更多的努力。

原始出处:
Yaolong Chen, Chen Wang, Hongcai Shang, et al. Clinical practice guidelines in China. BMJ, 2018, 360:j5158.

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    2018-12-20 gaoxiaoe
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1709173, encodeId=8f6d1e091733b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=40db41118ff' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#国际指南#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=41118, encryptionId=40db41118ff, topicName=国际指南)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=765a31606508, createdName=12498a1cm77暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Apr 07 00:04:00 CST 2018, time=2018-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1651468, encodeId=bbd9165146810, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3eb5683638a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#王辰院士#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=68363, encryptionId=3eb5683638a, topicName=王辰院士)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=05be24209031, createdName=cy0332, createdTime=Wed Oct 17 20:04:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1848459, encodeId=759e1848459a1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2977356edc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#BMJ#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3567, encryptionId=2977356edc, topicName=BMJ)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=148754, createdName=gaoxiaoe, createdTime=Thu Dec 20 15:04:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1993479, encodeId=37a219934e9b2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6a8d218e227' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#中国指南#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=21872, encryptionId=6a8d218e227, topicName=中国指南)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=793a2500200, createdName=12498e5fm12(暂无昵称), createdTime=Tue Jan 01 09:04:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=287750, encodeId=6dcb28e75040, content=学习一下谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzaiabIFicf63hKvVMjL6aJlx4yX4UcXmzX9DyibCRcicq0QtCRWMaQKh8MYjE1D3EKUBopgiaGWYuqbeR/0, createdBy=0c2b1999806, createdName=三生有幸9135, createdTime=Wed Feb 14 01:24:38 CST 2018, time=2018-02-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=287444, encodeId=489f28e44432, content=这一专辑邀请了多位中国医学相关领域权威专家就中国医学研究热点撰写了系列文章.近日的4篇分别展示了[健康中国2030".[临床实践指南".[真实世界证据"和[医学大数据"等中国医学研究存在的困惑和进展., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7cJ6ejWUr2nIia8qOvAKNdLHr32Df6G8iaoaOx6pHaoiacwp26DaslxZHCGbibZhhCGven4rvmWP60GahtzgFjgCjR/0, createdBy=6b111703011, createdName=有备才能无患, createdTime=Mon Feb 12 22:51:06 CST 2018, time=2018-02-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1709173, encodeId=8f6d1e091733b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=40db41118ff' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#国际指南#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=41118, encryptionId=40db41118ff, topicName=国际指南)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=765a31606508, createdName=12498a1cm77暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Apr 07 00:04:00 CST 2018, time=2018-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1651468, encodeId=bbd9165146810, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3eb5683638a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#王辰院士#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=68363, encryptionId=3eb5683638a, topicName=王辰院士)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=05be24209031, createdName=cy0332, createdTime=Wed Oct 17 20:04:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1848459, encodeId=759e1848459a1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2977356edc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#BMJ#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3567, encryptionId=2977356edc, topicName=BMJ)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=148754, createdName=gaoxiaoe, createdTime=Thu Dec 20 15:04:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1993479, encodeId=37a219934e9b2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6a8d218e227' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#中国指南#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=21872, encryptionId=6a8d218e227, topicName=中国指南)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=793a2500200, createdName=12498e5fm12(暂无昵称), createdTime=Tue Jan 01 09:04:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=287750, encodeId=6dcb28e75040, content=学习一下谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzaiabIFicf63hKvVMjL6aJlx4yX4UcXmzX9DyibCRcicq0QtCRWMaQKh8MYjE1D3EKUBopgiaGWYuqbeR/0, createdBy=0c2b1999806, createdName=三生有幸9135, createdTime=Wed Feb 14 01:24:38 CST 2018, time=2018-02-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=287444, encodeId=489f28e44432, content=这一专辑邀请了多位中国医学相关领域权威专家就中国医学研究热点撰写了系列文章.近日的4篇分别展示了[健康中国2030".[临床实践指南".[真实世界证据"和[医学大数据"等中国医学研究存在的困惑和进展., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7cJ6ejWUr2nIia8qOvAKNdLHr32Df6G8iaoaOx6pHaoiacwp26DaslxZHCGbibZhhCGven4rvmWP60GahtzgFjgCjR/0, createdBy=6b111703011, createdName=有备才能无患, createdTime=Mon Feb 12 22:51:06 CST 2018, time=2018-02-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-02-14 三生有幸9135

    学习一下谢谢分享

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1709173, encodeId=8f6d1e091733b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=40db41118ff' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#国际指南#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=41118, encryptionId=40db41118ff, topicName=国际指南)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=765a31606508, createdName=12498a1cm77暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Apr 07 00:04:00 CST 2018, time=2018-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1651468, encodeId=bbd9165146810, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3eb5683638a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#王辰院士#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=68363, encryptionId=3eb5683638a, topicName=王辰院士)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=05be24209031, createdName=cy0332, createdTime=Wed Oct 17 20:04:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1848459, encodeId=759e1848459a1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2977356edc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#BMJ#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3567, encryptionId=2977356edc, topicName=BMJ)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=148754, createdName=gaoxiaoe, createdTime=Thu Dec 20 15:04:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1993479, encodeId=37a219934e9b2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6a8d218e227' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#中国指南#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=21872, encryptionId=6a8d218e227, topicName=中国指南)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=793a2500200, createdName=12498e5fm12(暂无昵称), createdTime=Tue Jan 01 09:04:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=287750, encodeId=6dcb28e75040, content=学习一下谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzaiabIFicf63hKvVMjL6aJlx4yX4UcXmzX9DyibCRcicq0QtCRWMaQKh8MYjE1D3EKUBopgiaGWYuqbeR/0, createdBy=0c2b1999806, createdName=三生有幸9135, createdTime=Wed Feb 14 01:24:38 CST 2018, time=2018-02-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=287444, encodeId=489f28e44432, content=这一专辑邀请了多位中国医学相关领域权威专家就中国医学研究热点撰写了系列文章.近日的4篇分别展示了[健康中国2030".[临床实践指南".[真实世界证据"和[医学大数据"等中国医学研究存在的困惑和进展., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7cJ6ejWUr2nIia8qOvAKNdLHr32Df6G8iaoaOx6pHaoiacwp26DaslxZHCGbibZhhCGven4rvmWP60GahtzgFjgCjR/0, createdBy=6b111703011, createdName=有备才能无患, createdTime=Mon Feb 12 22:51:06 CST 2018, time=2018-02-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-02-12 有备才能无患

    这一专辑邀请了多位中国医学相关领域权威专家就中国医学研究热点撰写了系列文章.近日的4篇分别展示了[健康中国2030".[临床实践指南".[真实世界证据"和[医学大数据"等中国医学研究存在的困惑和进展.

    0

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