Nature:肠道菌群如何调节人体健康?信使分子终于被发现

2017-08-31 Nature自然科研 Nature自然科研

根据本周《自然》在线发表的一项研究Commensal bacteria make GPCR ligands that mimic human signalling molecules,肠道菌群会产生名为N-酰基酰胺的小型有机复合物,它们与受体互作,调节人体生理健康。N-酰基酰胺是一类重要的人体信号传导分子,参与生理的各个方面,包括免疫、行为和代谢。

根据本周《自然》在线发表的一项研究Commensal bacteria make GPCR ligands that mimic human signalling molecules,肠道菌群会产生名为N-酰基酰胺的小型有机复合物,它们与受体互作,调节人体生理健康。N-酰基酰胺是一类重要的人体信号传导分子,参与生理的各个方面,包括免疫、行为和代谢。


胃肠道菌群中的人类N-酰基合成酶基因。a图中灰色圆点即为能产生N-酰基酰胺的基因,标色的细菌种类有拟杆菌、厚壁菌和变形菌,标色的微生物微环境包括了粪便、口腔、空斑和舌头。
 Cohen et al.

虽然一般认为人类微生物组在生理健康方面发挥着重要作用,但是人们对其背后机制依然知之不多。细菌依赖小分子与环境产生相互作用,有人提出人类微生物群也利用小分子与其人类宿主互作。但是,所涉的潜在分子身份及其功能机制一直不为人知。

美国洛克菲勒大学的Sean Brady及同事报告称人体肠道细菌会产生与5种不同的人类G蛋白偶联受体互作的N-酰基酰胺。作者分析了小鼠数据和细胞数据,表明这些细菌代谢物会激活一种名为GPR119的GPCR,它们可能调节小鼠的代谢激素和葡萄糖稳态。上述发现意味着微生物群产生的小分子可以模拟细菌信号传导分子,这种拟态所代表的通道未来有望运用于相关疾病疗法中,帮助治疗糖尿病和肥胖症等疾病。


N-酰基丝氨醇影响GLP-1的分泌和葡萄糖的体内平衡。
 Cohen et al.

原始出处:

Louis J. Cohen, Daria Esterhazy,Seong-Hwan Kim,et al.Commensal bacteria make GPCR ligands that mimic human signalling molecules.doi:10.1038/nature23874

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    2018-02-04 liye789132251
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    2017-09-12 1e1263e3m20(暂无匿称)

    学习了多谢分享

    0

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    2017-09-02 1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称)

    学习学习.了解了解

    0

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    2017-09-02 一个字-牛

    学习了谢谢分享

    0

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    2017-09-02 yfjms

    学习了

    0

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路易斯安那州立大学新奥尔良健康医学院生理学副教授Lauri Byerley博士领导的研究发现,饮食中的核桃改变了肠道细菌的组成,这表明核桃可能有助于改善健康。这些发现发表在《营养生物化学杂志》上。"核桃被称为'超级食品',因为它们富含omega - 3脂肪酸、亚油酸和纤维,而且具有抗氧化作用。" Byerley博士指出。"现在,核桃的另一好处可能是它们对肠道菌群的有益改变。"在啮齿动物模型中,研究

Science:人类肠道菌群随季节改变

对现存为数不多的其中一个狩猎—采集者群体开展的研究表明,生活在人类肠道中的微生物随着季节发生变化。相关成果日前发表于《科学》杂志。

Nature:科学家发现膳食纤维和抗生素影响肠道菌群平衡的关键机制!

随着肠道微生物的研究愈发受到重视,它的概念和作用也逐渐“飞入寻常百姓家”,为大家所了解。无论是研究人员还是科普人士都会提醒大家,“肠道微生物的平衡和稳态很重要,我们要保护肠道内有益的微生物” “要多吃富含膳食纤维的食物,对肠道微生物好” “要少用抗生素,会伤害肠道微生物,导致菌群失调”。

J Gastroen Hepatol:中国肠易激综合征患者肠道菌群改变研究

中国肠易激综合征患者肠道菌群改变的种类以及程度与其他地区患者存在差异,应根据中国患者的特征进行针对性的治疗

J Periodontol:二十二碳六烯酸治疗对龈下菌斑微生物的影响

口服二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)+阿司匹林治疗已被证明可以减少未治疗的慢性牙周病患者探诊深度和龈沟液(GCF)中的局部炎症介质。然而, DHA +阿司匹林治疗是否影响特定的细菌附着是未知的。因此,本研究的目的是评估DHA与低剂量阿司匹林治疗对牙周炎患者牙周细菌特征的影响。

Microbiome: 肠道菌群与焦虑之间的联系

发表在开放获取《Microbiome》杂志上的研究揭示了肠道细菌如何影响焦虑的行为。研究肠道菌和脑部microRNAs(miRNAs)的生物分子之间的联系; 爱尔兰科学基金会资助的科克大学APC微生物研究所的研究人员发现,在无微生物小鼠的大脑中有大量的miRNA发生了变化。这些在无菌条件下饲养的小鼠,通常表现出异常的焦虑,社交和认知能力缺陷,以及抑郁样行为增加。作者Gerard Clarke博士说