Neuroradiology:不应把慢性肾病作为血管造影的禁忌症

2018-06-23 杨中华 脑血管病及重症文献导读

临床实践中比如使用碘造影剂时,医生往往非常担心造影剂诱导肾病(Contrast-induced nephropathy,CIN)。CIN的定义为使用造影剂后48-72h时血浆肌酐绝对增加0.5mg/dl或比基线升高25%,肾功能损害无法用其他原因解释。

临床实践中比如使用碘造影剂时,医生往往非常担心造影剂诱导肾病(Contrast-induced nephropathy,CIN)。CIN的定义为使用造影剂后48-72h时血浆肌酐绝对增加0.5mg/dl或比基线升高25%,肾功能损害无法用其他原因解释。

造影剂后急性肾损伤(Post-contrast acute kidney injury,PC-AKI)这个词范围更广,含盖了CIN和使用造影剂后发生的非造影剂相关肾功能恶化。然而,鉴于缺乏对照研究,区分起来非常困难。因此,CIN通常用来替换PC-AKI。普通人群中CIN的发病率较低,大约为2%。然而,在老年、糖尿病、慢性肾病(CKD)和充血性心力衰竭的患者中,CIN的风险很高。在这些患者中,CKD是最重要的危险因素,以至于CIN发病率高达14.8%-55%。CKD的定义为肾功能降低到估计肾小球滤过率(estimated glomerular filtration rate,eGFR)<60 ml/min/1.73e2或/和存在结构性肾损伤包括蛋白尿,持续至少3个月。在美国CKD的患病率(prevalence)(eGFR<60,CKD3-5期)为4.7%。

在过去几年,CIN的概念已经发生了变化,因为最近的研究显示CIN非常罕见,其发病率与非造影剂研究的发病率相似。另外,动脉内给予造影剂的研究也发现了类似的趋势。还有,以前的研究发现,从动脉内给予造影剂,特别是从肾动脉注射造影剂CIN风险明显高于静脉输注造影剂。一些同时代的研究却发现静脉和动脉给予造影剂的CIN风险没有差别。

很少有研究报道诊断性或治疗性神经血管内手术后CIN的发病率。有限的证据显示普通人群进行神经血管内手术的CIN风险为1.5-2.4%。据我们所知,尚无研究探讨过CKD患者进行神经血管内手术后的CIN风险。

2018年5月来自美国的Jae Kim等在Neuroradiology上公布了他们的研究结果,目的在于探讨在这些高风险的患者中造影剂诱导相关性肾病(CIN)的发生率。

该研究回顾性分析了2个大学医学中心4年间进行了神经血管内手术患者的数据。CIN的定义为使用造影剂后48-72h时血浆肌酐绝对增加0.5mg/dl或比基线升高25%,肾功能损害无法用其他原因解释。高风险患者定义为手术前eGFR< 60 ml/min,不管肌酐水平的高低,符合CKD 3-5期。

共184例高风险的患者进行了DSA和神经血管内介入治疗,术中皆使用了碘克沙醇(威视派克-320)。这是第二代等渗和非离子型造影剂。并且这些患者手术前24-48h皆停用了可能使病情恶化的药物如二甲双胍或赖诺普利,手术前后皆静脉给予输注生理盐水。

184例患者中仅1例(0.54%)高风险患者发生了CIN。这例患者为5期CKD并且合并多种其他危险因素。

最终作者认为神经血管内手术高风险的慢性肾病患者发生肾损伤的几率非常低。在这些患者中,CIN风险的降低受到多个危险因素的影响。

原始出处:Kim J, Male S, Jagadeesan BD, et al. Safety of cerebral angiography and neuroendovascular therapy in patients with chronic kidney disease. Neuroradiology. 2018 May;60(5):529-533.

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createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzaiabIFicf63hKvVMjL6aJlx4yX4UcXmzX9DyibCRcicq0QtCRWMaQKh8MYjE1D3EKUBopgiaGWYuqbeR/0, createdBy=0c2b1999806, createdName=三生有幸9135, createdTime=Sun Jun 24 09:02:20 CST 2018, time=2018-06-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=326462, encodeId=ea4632646247, content=学习了.谢谢分享., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=21, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/xkvRjYnJzzRJ2R0y7VhicibvkjPWHjIMmu4ZpKnE9cWAu4lVicS3uDUCfF4M4JWvrkrYfpb2KehPV0Ee29tPqyPEebBUibiaKhnvD/0, createdBy=f8412001184, createdName=惠映实验室, createdTime=Sat Jun 23 23:55:41 CST 2018, time=2018-06-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=326456, encodeId=1903326456db, content=与时俱进.及时修改规范., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=60791943465, createdName=1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Jun 23 23:46:25 CST 2018, time=2018-06-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-06-25 Ronaltao

    马克

    0

  4. 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  5. 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    2018-06-25 sodoo
  6. 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  7. 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replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=60791943465, createdName=1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Jun 23 23:46:25 CST 2018, time=2018-06-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-06-25 jihuaijun1112

    学习学习学习

    0

  8. 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createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzaiabIFicf63hKvVMjL6aJlx4yX4UcXmzX9DyibCRcicq0QtCRWMaQKh8MYjE1D3EKUBopgiaGWYuqbeR/0, createdBy=0c2b1999806, createdName=三生有幸9135, createdTime=Sun Jun 24 09:02:20 CST 2018, time=2018-06-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=326462, encodeId=ea4632646247, content=学习了.谢谢分享., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=21, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/xkvRjYnJzzRJ2R0y7VhicibvkjPWHjIMmu4ZpKnE9cWAu4lVicS3uDUCfF4M4JWvrkrYfpb2KehPV0Ee29tPqyPEebBUibiaKhnvD/0, createdBy=f8412001184, createdName=惠映实验室, createdTime=Sat Jun 23 23:55:41 CST 2018, time=2018-06-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=326456, encodeId=1903326456db, content=与时俱进.及时修改规范., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=60791943465, createdName=1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Jun 23 23:46:25 CST 2018, time=2018-06-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-06-24 三生有幸9135

    学习一下

    0

  9. 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replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=60791943465, createdName=1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Jun 23 23:46:25 CST 2018, time=2018-06-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-06-23 惠映实验室

    学习了.谢谢分享.

    0

  10. 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    2018-06-23 1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称)

    与时俱进.及时修改规范.

    0

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