PNAS:这些女婴的命运或将改变,AI助力早期自闭症检测

2019-07-30 苏煜静 生物探索

在中国已经有超过1000万的自闭症患者,而0至14岁儿童患者的人数超过了300万。尽早检测到自闭症对于患者和家庭而言无疑是有莫大帮助的。如果自闭症儿童到几岁时才被发现和确诊,此时再进行行为干预和语言治疗会变得不那么有效。

在中国已经有超过1000万的自闭症患者,而0至14岁儿童患者的人数超过了300万。尽早检测到自闭症对于患者和家庭而言无疑是有莫大帮助的。如果自闭症儿童到几岁时才被发现和确诊,此时再进行行为干预和语言治疗会变得不那么有效。

近日,美国科学家研究发现可以借助AI测量瞳孔扩张情况或者是心率的自发波动情况来帮助更早地诊断出自闭症、Rett综合征(一种严重影响儿童精神运动发育的疾病)或其他具有自闭症行为特征的神经发育障碍疾病。研究结果发表在《美国国家科学院刊》上。


Michela Fagiolini 图片来源:哈佛大学官网

先前有研究表明,如果大脑中与觉醒有关的胆碱回路受到了干扰就会影响瞳孔的自发扩张或收缩以及心率。波士顿儿童医院神经学家Michela Fagiolini博士想了解自闭症患者何时改变了行为状态。于是,在Fagiolini和她的博士后Pietro Artoni的带领下,研究团队发明了一种机器算法,该算法可以鉴别与自闭症相关的瞳孔扩张情况,并能精准识别6至18个月大的女婴是否患有Rett综合征。

自闭症之前的危险信号

Fagiolini博士的团队在波士顿儿童F.M. Kirby神经生物学中心IRCN的支持下,开始测量几种自闭症小鼠模型的瞳孔波动,这其中也包括了携带能导致Rett综合征或其它神经发育障碍的基因突变小鼠。研究小组发现,甚至在动物开始出现自闭症的症状之前,瞳孔的自发扩张和收缩就已经发生了改变。


改变的胆碱能基调延长了LYNX1小鼠的高觉醒状态

为了系统地将观察到的唤醒变化与胆碱能系统联系起来,该团队利用了早期合作者Takao Hensch的研究发现:缺乏一种LYNX1蛋白的小鼠表现出增强的胆碱能信号。接着,研究者“训练”了深度学习算法以识别异常的瞳孔模式。相同的算法准确地估计了实验小鼠中的胆碱功能障碍。

研究小组随后将该算法应用于识别35名患有Rett综合征的年轻女孩和40名正常发育的孩子。此次研究人员并没有测量女孩的瞳孔,而是用心率波动来衡量她们的兴奋程度。尽管如此,该算法还是成功地识别出了患有Rett综合征的女孩,在女孩一岁和两岁的时候检查准确率达到了80%。

婴儿的生物标志物?

研究人员发现,自主神经兴奋是一种强烈保存在不同物种中的大脑属性,是改变发育轨迹的有力指标。此前的一项研究表明,视觉诱发电位是大脑中视觉处理的脑电图测量,也可以作为Rett 综合征的潜在生物标志物。Fagiolini相信,这些生物标记物可以共同为婴儿和幼儿提供强大且价格合理的筛查工具,预警即将发生的神经发育问题,并帮助他们跟踪其发育或治疗的进展。

如果能够找到有非侵入性且易于评估的生物标志物, 即使是新生儿或非语言患者也可以在早期得到更多的检测。

Fagiolini及其同事希望这个系统不仅可以为自闭症和Rett综合征提供早期预警信号。在未来,他们相信它也可以用于监测患者对治疗的反应。

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    2019-10-31 drwjr
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    2019-08-02 百草

    666

    0

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    2019-08-01 xiongke014
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    2019-07-31 龙胆草

    学习谢谢分享

    0

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    2019-07-31 yydlt

    了解自闭症

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1856327, encodeId=bf7e185632ea6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f32014428fc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PNAS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14428, encryptionId=f32014428fc, topicName=PNAS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=08e964, createdName=drwjr, createdTime=Thu Oct 31 10:33:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=370645, encodeId=44463e064522, content=666, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2019/01/04/2540fb84decb81d47a7f2868070e6cbd.jpg, createdBy=ed3f2205793, createdName=百草, createdTime=Fri Aug 02 09:12:33 CST 2019, time=2019-08-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1527755, encodeId=f03d152e7557c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=68b5863e5d2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#自闭#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86375, encryptionId=68b5863e5d2, topicName=自闭)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=159511872623, createdName=xiongke014, createdTime=Thu Aug 01 14:33:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=370545, encodeId=4c073e054507, content=学习谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4Nd44v3xHnnictn9UpctwtH62EPQ59TMdI9lnqHMgQ16nH7GmGCfpzicsHgjibYVk6vwSpXrC86gMibRkoaIzf5HwSz7/0, createdBy=78cc1691107, createdName=龙胆草, createdTime=Wed Jul 31 08:20:58 CST 2019, time=2019-07-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=370543, encodeId=84f13e05432e, content=了解自闭症, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLCEEr4dM45RatXXGAkFCicnNYiasFiaRicicO1YWsIeTFOhgapauqib8Z8TChNB3ttVC5RqNHptDvAxA72Q/0, createdBy=a82a1611288, createdName=yydlt, createdTime=Wed Jul 31 08:17:57 CST 2019, time=2019-07-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=370534, encodeId=92c43e05341e, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bbc11488193, createdName=thm112988, createdTime=Wed Jul 31 07:06:29 CST 2019, time=2019-07-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=370525, encodeId=27993e052501, content=好好好好好好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/08/29/bbc5cc0eed9b8d17623d2fd49dbdf19a.jpg, createdBy=79522135794, createdName=yjs木玉, createdTime=Wed Jul 31 06:04:17 CST 2019, time=2019-07-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=370524, encodeId=acb23e052435, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6d551998554, createdName=1e1c07bdm01(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Jul 31 05:46:55 CST 2019, time=2019-07-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-07-31 thm112988

    0

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    2019-07-31 yjs木玉

    好好好好好好

    0

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