Nat Commun:科学家用皮肤细胞培养出人体肌肉

2018-01-11 佚名 中国生物技术网

在一个新研究项目中,美国杜克大学的生物工程师们展示了如何利用诱导多能干细胞培养出具有功能的人体肌肉。这是科学家们第一次证明从零开始培养人体肌肉组织是可能的,只需要诱导皮肤细胞成为干细胞,然后再用这些细胞生成肌肉组织。该研究发表在《Nature Communications》期刊上。

在一个新研究项目中,美国杜克大学的生物工程师们展示了如何利用诱导多能干细胞培养出具有功能的人体肌肉。这是科学家们第一次证明从零开始培养人体肌肉组织是可能的,只需要诱导皮肤细胞成为干细胞,然后再用这些细胞生成肌肉组织。该研究发表在《Nature Communications》期刊上。

在此之前,该团队曾经培养出具有功能的人类肌肉,这种肌肉能够在应对电流等刺激时收缩,当时他们使用的是来自人类志愿者的一小块肌肉。

虽然过去的研究成功地利用人类肌肉培养出了新的肌肉,但是这项新研究要复杂得多,因为最终生成的肌肉组织并不依赖于肌肉。此外,从非肌肉组织生成肌肉的能力可以帮助科学家们培养出更多的此类细胞。这项新技术将比基因编辑和细胞疗法更加实用。这也使得定制稀有肌肉疾病如肌营养不良症或用于新药研发的测试物质的定制治疗成为可能。

这一切都是从人类诱导的多能干细胞(iPSCs)开始的,这些细胞是已被重新编程恢复到原始状态的成人非肌肉组织,如皮肤或血液。就像任何干细胞一样,iPSC可以被编程分化成任何种类的组织。在该研究中,科学家们将信号分子Pax7作用于iPSC,Pax7能够触发细胞形成肌肉的过程。

杜克大学的生物医学工程教授Nenad Bursac解释说:“利用非肌肉细胞(能够成为身体中所有现有的细胞种类)的多能干细胞使我们能够培养出数量不受限制的肌原性始祖细胞。这些细胞非常像成年人的肌肉干细胞,即所谓的卫星细胞,理论上来说,单个这种细胞就可以形成一个完整的肌肉组织。”

读到这里时,也许你觉得这很容易,但事实是,Bursac和同事们经历了多年的反复试验才得到正确的答案。使细胞增殖成为具有功能的骨髓肌的一个重要突破是,引入了一种独特的细胞培养条件和三维矩阵,而非过去使用的二维矩阵培养方法。通过这种方法,细胞可以生长得更加快速,且存活时间更长。

一旦这些细胞到达临界阈值,科学家们就停止使用Pax7,并为细胞提供所需的支持和营养,使细胞能够完全成熟。

在经过了二到四周的三维培养之后,这些肌肉细胞聚集成为能够收缩的肌肉纤维,并对电脉冲和生物化学信号做出响应,就像自然的肌肉对神经输入的反应一样。

将实验室生长的肌肉纤维植入成年小鼠后进行测试。研究人员们在小鼠后背上开了一个小“窗口”,从而能够观察到肌肉在啮齿类动物的体内表现如何。这些肌肉能够生存并正常工作至少三周,在此期间,它通过血管化逐渐地与天然组织结合在一起。

不幸的是,研究人员培养出的这些肌肉组织并不像自身组织那样强壮,也不如从肌肉样本培养出的肌肉强壮。然而,相比于其他技术(比如利用组织切片),该技术能够利用少量细胞培养出大量具有多功能性的细胞。此外,该团队培养出的新肌肉也许能够提供特殊的细胞库,可以在受伤或运动之后被肌肉用来使自己再生,这是天然肌肉组织的重要特性。相反,肌肉组织样本只能提供很少的细胞储备库。

Bursac说:“我们非常感兴趣将该技术应用于罕见疾病治疗的研究。如果儿童的肌肉因杜氏肌营养不良症而开始萎缩,那么再从孩子的身上本就不多的肌肉中采集样本就非常不人道了,这会对他们造成进一步的伤害。但是利用这种技术,我们只需要一小部分的非肌肉组织,比如皮肤或血液,就可以将这些细胞恢复至原始状态,并将它们最终培养为数量不限的具有功能的肌肉纤维组织。”

原始出处:

Lingjun Rao,et al.,Engineering human pluripotent stem cells into a functional skeletal muscle tissue.Nat Commun.9, Article number: 126 (2018).

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    2018-11-14 liuli5079
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    2018-05-11 柳叶一刀
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    2018-01-21 虈亣靌

    是很好的学习材料.不错.以后会多学习.

    0

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    2018-01-14 天涯183

    非常好的文章.学习了

    0

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    2018-01-12 三生有幸9135

    学习一下谢谢分享

    0

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    2018-01-11 131****1460

    学习了受益匪浅

    0

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