NEJM:万人对照试验显示ω-3脂肪酸补剂对糖尿病人预防心血管疾病发病和死亡没用

2018-08-30 奇点糕 奇点网

本篇论文同样发表在《新英格兰医学杂志》上,牛津大学的研究者们分析ASCEND数据发现,约1.5万糖尿病患者,在7.4年随访期间,每日服用1g Omega-3脂肪酸补剂与1g橄榄油的患者相比,在心血管疾病发病率及全因死亡率上,并没有表现出显着差异。

自从电商们从单身狗手里抢走了双十一,咱们兜里的钱就再也保不住了。不买新衣服、不买化妆品、不买小零食,健康你还不“买”点?护眼的、护肝的、护你小心脏的,现代人成天对着电脑吃外卖熬夜,感觉这些药片胶囊吃了能缓解好多猝死焦虑!

焦虑是缓解了,但真能让你少得病吗?起码深海鱼油应该不行!

周一谭老师给大家解读了欧洲心脏病学会年会(ESC 2018)上公布的ASCEND试验的结果,神药阿司匹林可能要“过气”了。因为这项试验是2×2交叉设计,同时评估阿司匹林和Omega-3脂肪酸补充剂对血管疾病的预防效果,那么就有读者问了,鱼油行吗?

本篇论文同样发表在《新英格兰医学杂志》上,牛津大学的研究者们分析ASCEND数据发现,约1.5万糖尿病患者,在7.4年随访期间,每日服用1g Omega-3脂肪酸补剂与1g橄榄油的患者相比,在血管疾病发病率及全因死亡率上,并没有表现出显着差异。

其实奇点糕之前也写过一项meta分析,从10项临床试验、近8万参与者数据来看,Omega-3脂肪酸补剂对预防心血管疾病恐怕是没啥用。在这些参与者中,三分之一以上是有糖尿病史的。

糖尿病确实是心血管疾病的高危因素之一,糖尿病患者的心血管疾病发病风险和死亡风险要比非患者高2-3倍[2]。对这部分人群来说,采取一定的措施预防就更加有必要了。

那么指南是怎么说的呢?

目前,美国心脏协会的指南建议可以补充Omega-3脂肪酸补剂用于冠心病的二级预防[3],并且在饮食中增加鱼类作为心血管疾病的一级预防[4]。

吃鱼确实有理论数据支持,不同的观察队列结果都显示,每周吃1-2次鱼与心脏病风险降低有关[5,6]。2002年,一项研究显示,每天摄入40-60g鱼(含有0.2-1g Omega-3脂肪酸)与心血管疾病死亡率降低约50%有关[7]。

可是具体落实到Omega-3脂肪酸上,结果就略有些尴尬了。

从2005年到2011年,共有15480名2型糖尿病患者入组,平均随访7.4年,其中脂肪酸组随访57022人年,安慰剂组随访56924人年。脂肪酸组患者每天服用1g的Omega-3脂肪酸补剂,其中含有460mgEPA和380mgDHA;安慰剂组则服用等量的橄榄油。


分组很随机,基线很一致~

研究者还特别随机抽出了152名患者,定期检查他们的血液样本,测量EPA和DHA的水平。安慰剂组患者的Omega-3脂肪酸水平几乎没变(6.6%vs6.5%);脂肪酸组患者则从7.1%增加到了9.1%,相对增加了32.5%,可见补剂没有白吃。

然而没白吃是一回事,有没有用又是另一回事。

研究的主要终点为首次严重血管事件,例如非致死心梗或中风、一过性脑缺血等。脂肪酸组中有689名患者(8.9%)、安慰剂组中有712名患者(9.2%)发生了严重血管事件,两组之间在统计学上没有差异!


p值0.55,惨

综合了血运重建对次要终点进行分析之后,脂肪酸组和安慰剂组更是毫无差别(11.4%vs11.5%)!


风险比直接1.0了……

再看看死亡率的数据,脂肪酸组和安慰剂组的全因死亡率分别为9.7%和10.2%,风险比只有0.95;这点差异倒是主要体现在血管事件上了,在癌症等其他原因造成的死亡上不很明显。


差异不太大

总的来说,这项临床试验结果与此前的研究还是很一致的——一致表示Omega-3脂肪酸补剂对于预防心血管疾病发生没啥用。

那咋的吃鱼有用吃Omega-3就没用呢?研究者也给出了自己的答案:毕竟鱼是一种食物,很难在实验设计中严格控制,它本身就含有很多的营养成分,而吃一样食物又会影响其他食物的摄入;目前对吃鱼的建议都是基于观察队列的,确实也没法说到底是什么起了作用。

预防心血管疾病,最有效的还是健康生活大法了!别太胖别太瘦,均衡饮食,适当运动,杜绝抽烟喝酒熬大夜,浪漫地一起健康变老吧~

原始出处:The ASCEND Study Collaborative Group. Effects of n?3 Fatty Acid Supplements in Diabetes Mellitus. NEJM. August 26, 2018

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    2019-06-03 amyloid
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    2018-08-30 misszhang

    谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯

    0

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