Nature:抑制成熟神经元活性可减少焦虑

2018-06-29 小通 生物通

《Nature》一份最新报告指出,在紧张的社会环境中,能够新生海马神经元的小鼠比对照组小鼠情绪状况好,显得不那么焦虑。这是由于新生神经元对成熟的海马细胞的抑制增加了。

《Nature》一份最新报告指出,在紧张的社会环境中,能够新生海马神经元的小鼠比对照组小鼠情绪状况好,显得不那么焦虑。这是由于新生神经元对成熟的海马细胞的抑制增加了。

成年小鼠神经发生(neurogenesis)通过抑制成熟神经元活性使小鼠在社会交往中更有信心。“越多成年新生神经元,小鼠对压力承受越有弹性,”Christoph Anacker说。

英国伦敦国王学院神经科学家Sandrine Thuret(未参加这项研究)评论:这是一篇非常简洁漂亮的论文,它展示了成体神经发生对慢性应激的保护作用。众所周知,海马新生神经元生产可以抵抗压力,但实际上我们并不知道为什么,(文章作者)阐明了新神经元可以调节成熟神经元活性,从而导致行为效应。

作为年轻人,当你要求长者保持安静时,你的压力水平肯定会上升。但是,涉及到脑细胞时,结果似乎是相反的:年轻的神经元对老神经元的沉默作用似乎可以让动物更轻松地面对压力。

大多数成年哺乳动物脑内有两个神经发生区域:海马齿状回(dentate gyrus),这是一个涉及记忆形成、探索、压力和抑郁的区域;另一个是纹状体(striatum),这里牵涉到奖赏和强化。对人类来说,似乎纹状体中几乎没有神经发生,相反,对齿状回神经元新生的辩论一直不绝于耳,现在的证据表明,人类齿状回终身生产新神经元。

延伸阅读: 《Cell》子刊针锋相对质疑《Nature》:13岁后,人脑仍能生产大量新神经元

在啮齿动物中,抗抑郁药和运动(一种减轻压力的方式)都会增加神经发生,换句话说,新生的神经元可以减少焦虑样行为。“但我们还不知道这些成年新生神经元是怎样影响海马功能和调节行为的,”项目领导者、哥伦比亚大学行为神经科学家Christoph Anacker说。

Anacker团队用遗传手段创建了两种小鼠:一种是齿状回成年新生神经元活性下降;另一种是增加齿状回成年新生神经元数量(相当于提高整体活性)。



然后,将每组小鼠暴露在重压环境下,用一只攻击性的小鼠反复地与被试小鼠短时间共处,随后观察被试小鼠在社会交往中的行为。研究人员发现,新生神经元活性较低的小鼠在笼中的表现是“不合群”,相反,神经发生水平较高的小鼠与新伙伴们的社交互动近似于未受到压力刺激的对照小鼠的表现。

“如果我们沉默成年新生神经元活动,小鼠会变得更焦虑,”Anacker说。“更多的成年新生神经元让小鼠对压力的不良影响富有弹性。”

研究小组使用免疫组化、脑切片电生理记录和活小鼠钙成像等方法检测了齿状回成熟神经元的活动。研究人员发现,新神经元越少,小鼠的神经活动越强烈;新神经元越多,神经活动就会降低。这表明,年轻的神经元以某种方式抑制了已存在的成熟神经元的活性。

最后,他们对转基因小鼠采取直接化学激活,或者在不改变神经发生的基础上抑制成熟神经元活性,结果证实,确实是成熟的齿状回细胞活性提高导致小鼠容易产生社交焦虑,降低这些细胞活性可以提高动物应压回弹能力。

在人类社会,压力和焦虑症非常普遍,大约5-30%的人都会受此影响。尽管标准疗法推荐服用抗抑郁药,但是“药物对50%患者没有作用,”法国图尔大学(University of Tours)抑郁症专家和神经科学家Catherine Belzung(未参与本研究)说。“我们需要其他治疗靶点。 ”

通过这篇文章我们了解到了神经发生影响压力恢复的机制,“那么,我们就能(找到药物)直接作用于成熟神经元,”Belzung补充道。

原始出处:Christoph Anacker, Victor M. Luna, Gregory S. Stevens, et al. Hippocampal neurogenesis confers stress resilience by inhibiting the ventral dentate gyrus. Nature (2018) 

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    2018-10-04 liye789132251
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    2018-06-29 明天jing

    焦虑是当年年轻人的共同问题,需要认真对待。

    0

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    2018-06-29 phoebeyan520

    学习了.谢谢分享

    0

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    2018-06-29 kafei

    了解下谢谢

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1883128, encodeId=5539188312882, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Thu Oct 04 21:24:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1050463, encodeId=9d471050463ac, content=焦虑是当年年轻人的共同问题,需要认真对待。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=明天jing, createdTime=Fri Jun 29 10:24:00 CST 2018, time=2018-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=327934, encodeId=579532e9346d, content=学习了.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1bb241978, createdName=phoebeyan520, createdTime=Fri Jun 29 09:35:46 CST 2018, time=2018-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=327919, encodeId=f85932e919de, content=了解下谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLbTp9nZtjwVrSZNxAXbAicnKQWnic2eBdJUQYhxO36XdkstSicr7FVF8p5ReH4omtmsbnLdvZLiaJJ1A/132, createdBy=8bff2327056, createdName=kafei, createdTime=Fri Jun 29 08:39:18 CST 2018, time=2018-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=327912, encodeId=868e32e9121d, content=学习谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4Nd44v3xHnnictn9UpctwtH62EPQ59TMdI9lnqHMgQ16nH7GmGCfpzicsHgjibYVk6vwSpXrC86gMibRkoaIzf5HwSz7/0, createdBy=78cc1691107, createdName=龙胆草, createdTime=Fri Jun 29 08:10:48 CST 2018, time=2018-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=327908, encodeId=251d32e9086e, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211120/0a343dd652314c849f92187e706a0203/030af22773fe40d69835eedc02230010.jpg, createdBy=0a471975170, createdName=1e16d8a5m40(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Jun 29 07:52:16 CST 2018, time=2018-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=327893, encodeId=267532e89321, content=学习了.长知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220115/46bcf39c32de4aa6b45c5f9d66c8ee77/6cb4a20c55bb4b7691122f47747bfca2.jpg, createdBy=9dad1662329, createdName=1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Jun 29 07:31:12 CST 2018, time=2018-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=327891, encodeId=7a9732e891a7, content=了解了解.学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Jun 29 07:31:02 CST 2018, time=2018-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-06-29 龙胆草

    学习谢谢分享

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1883128, encodeId=5539188312882, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Thu Oct 04 21:24:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1050463, encodeId=9d471050463ac, content=焦虑是当年年轻人的共同问题,需要认真对待。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=明天jing, createdTime=Fri Jun 29 10:24:00 CST 2018, time=2018-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=327934, encodeId=579532e9346d, content=学习了.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1bb241978, createdName=phoebeyan520, createdTime=Fri Jun 29 09:35:46 CST 2018, time=2018-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=327919, encodeId=f85932e919de, content=了解下谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLbTp9nZtjwVrSZNxAXbAicnKQWnic2eBdJUQYhxO36XdkstSicr7FVF8p5ReH4omtmsbnLdvZLiaJJ1A/132, createdBy=8bff2327056, createdName=kafei, createdTime=Fri Jun 29 08:39:18 CST 2018, time=2018-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=327912, encodeId=868e32e9121d, content=学习谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4Nd44v3xHnnictn9UpctwtH62EPQ59TMdI9lnqHMgQ16nH7GmGCfpzicsHgjibYVk6vwSpXrC86gMibRkoaIzf5HwSz7/0, createdBy=78cc1691107, createdName=龙胆草, createdTime=Fri Jun 29 08:10:48 CST 2018, time=2018-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=327908, encodeId=251d32e9086e, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211120/0a343dd652314c849f92187e706a0203/030af22773fe40d69835eedc02230010.jpg, createdBy=0a471975170, createdName=1e16d8a5m40(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Jun 29 07:52:16 CST 2018, time=2018-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=327893, encodeId=267532e89321, content=学习了.长知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220115/46bcf39c32de4aa6b45c5f9d66c8ee77/6cb4a20c55bb4b7691122f47747bfca2.jpg, createdBy=9dad1662329, createdName=1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Jun 29 07:31:12 CST 2018, time=2018-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=327891, encodeId=7a9732e891a7, content=了解了解.学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Jun 29 07:31:02 CST 2018, time=2018-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-06-29 1e16d8a5m40(暂无匿称)

    学习了

    0

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    2018-06-29 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    学习了.长知识

    0

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    2018-06-29 1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称)

    了解了解.学习学习

    0

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歌德大学研究团队《PNAS》发文描述成年动物海马神经元的可塑性变化:频繁的神经信号使神经树突棘(spines)变大,使其与已经存在的神经网络接触更加紧密。

Cell Stem Cell:惊喜?!科学家在高龄 79 岁的老人身上发现新神经元生成

哥伦比亚大学团队于 4 月 5 日发布在《Cell Stem Cell》期刊的 最新研究 却指出,许多老年人比外界所想的还要更能保持认知、情感的完整性,即使我们已高龄 70 岁,大脑仍然每天创造数百个新神经元。

Sci Rep:长期香烟烟雾接触能够促使耳蜗螺旋神经节神经元丢失

在老年人群众,抽烟与听力损失风险的增加相关,表明了香烟烟雾(CS)接触也许能够影响外周听觉器官。然而,CS接触对普通耳蜗解剖学的影响还没有探索。最近,有研究人员比较了来源于成年小鼠且分别在长期CS接触和对照条件的耳蜗,从而来评估在结构和细胞生存上的变化情况。研究人员利用了双光子成像技术,包括了二次谐波发生成像(SHG)和双光子激发荧光成像(TPEF)。研究人员发现了纤维胶原蛋白在螺旋神经节和螺旋器

PNAS:赶超“重编程”?从T细胞到神经元的“一步式”过程

通常,将一种成熟的体细胞转变成另一种无论在形态、功能上都截然不同的另一种体细胞,需要经历将细胞重编程返回多能状态的步骤。现在,斯坦福大学医学院的科学家们找到一种方法,可以直接实现细胞的转变,绕开了诱导性多能干细胞的繁琐过程。

eLife:当大脑休息时,神经元会产生涟漪,从而锁定记忆

密歇根医学研究员Caleb Kemere领导的团队开发了一种记忆定量模型工具。他们用该策略分析了跨海马的瞬间神经元放电,发现这种电波除了在动物活跃时存在,非常明显的是,休息时也存在。

Cell:扎心了!学习能力不够?记忆力差?都是这些基因影响的!

我们知道,世界上智力拔尖者不过寥寥,人们往往将他们的成功归功于决心和毅力,并以此勉励世人奋发向上。然而,5月31号《Cell》上发表的一篇文章表示,这些人的成功也许是因为他们在出生时就占据了基因优势,一些人类特有的基因在他们体内大展神威,这些基因是人类理解、学习、记忆等能力发展的关键,帮助他们赢在了起跑线上。