Nature:同济大学发现cGAS酶有致癌风险

2018-10-26 佚名 科学网

同济大学医学院、同济大学附属肺科医院戈宝学教授,同济大学生命科学与技术学院、同济大学附属第一妇婴保健院毛志勇教授研究团队合作首次系统阐释了cGAS完全独立于DNA识别功能的细胞核内的全新功能,为基于干预cGAS进入细胞核而开发新型抗肿瘤药物提供了理论基础。

同济大学医学院、同济大学附属肺科医院戈宝学教授,同济大学生命科学与技术学院、同济大学附属第一妇婴保健院毛志勇教授研究团队合作首次系统阐释了cGAS完全独立于DNA识别功能的细胞核内的全新功能,为基于干预cGAS进入细胞核而开发新型抗肿瘤药物提供了理论基础。10月25日,这一重要研究成果在线发表于《自然》(Nature)。

近日,Nature杂志社给研究团队发来邮件称,该论文还将被国际著名学术刊物Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology作为亮点报道。

cGAS,名为环鸟腺苷酸合成酶,是DNA识别受体,由美国著名华人学者陈志坚教授首次鉴定发现,在DNA识别和固有免疫领域具有里程碑意义。该合成酶能促进I型干扰素和免疫因子产生。

细胞在正常生长代谢过程中,受各种内外因素影响,DNA总会受到不同形式的损伤。而DNA双链断裂是众多DNA损伤形式中最为严重的一种,它不能被修复或被错误修复都将会导致基因组的不稳定性增加,进而诱发染色体的重排以及遗传信息的丢失,最终会使细胞进入凋亡、衰老甚至导致肿瘤的发生。

研究人员发现,cGAS在细胞发生DNA损伤时可转位入细胞核内,并被招募至DNA受损的位点,通过干扰PAPR1/Timeless复合体形成,抑制DNA双链断裂损伤修复,进而增加了基因组的不稳定性并最终增加了肿瘤生成风险。研究还发现,cGAS对DNA修复的抑制作用是一条完全独立于其DNA识别功能的通路。

“cGAS会抑制DNA修复、促进肿瘤形成,这是我们在国际上首次发现cGAS所具有的一个全新功能。”戈宝学介绍说,以往对cGAS的认识都是集中在固有免疫上,即cGAS作为一个DNA受体,能够对外界病原微生物以及人体细胞质内自身DNA进行识别,并激活免疫应答,对它的生理过程研究也只是在细胞质内。然而,cGAS这一促癌功能是首次被发现,因此这一成果将把cGAS的功能研究推向一个崭新的领域。

这一重要发现为开发新型抗肿瘤药物奠定了理论基础。“cGAS好比是一个关在瓶子里的恶魔”,戈宝学表示,“入核”是个关键点,如果我们能对cGAS进行干预,把它一直“关”在胞浆内,它就不会闯进“细胞核”内干坏事。这将成为抗肿瘤药物开发中一个重要的靶点。

“做研究要拓宽思维和视野,事物存有阴阳两方面,希望我们的这一发现能够给科研工作者提供一些研究思路和创新启示。”戈宝学教授说。

戈宝学教授与毛志勇教授为本文的共同通讯作者,同济大学附属肺科医院副研究员刘海鹏、同济大学生命科学与技术学院博士研究生张海萍以及同济大学医学院博士研究生吴向阳为本文的共同第一作者。此研究工作由科技部、国家自然科学基金委以及上海市科委等资助,同时得到复旦大学、湘雅医学院、德国马普感染生物学研究所等研究团队的支持。

原始出处:Haipeng Liu, Haiping Zhang, Xiangyang Wu, et al. Nuclear cGAS suppresses DNA repair and promotes tumorigenesis. Nature. 24 October 2018

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    2019-09-15 sjq027
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    2019-01-07 许安
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    2019-08-02 liye789132251
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    2018-10-28 jambiya

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