逆转糖尿病并发症有望 新型膳食补充剂助力新药开发!

2019-06-10 转网 转化医学网

糖尿病死亡者有一半以上是心脑血管所致,10%是肾病变所致,而因糖尿病截肢的患者是非糖尿病的10~20倍。临床数据显示,3年以上的糖尿病患者,出现并发症的几率在46%以上,5年以上的糖尿病患者几率在61%以上,10年以上的糖尿病患者甚至高达98%,且并发症一旦产生,药物治疗很难逆转。近日,来自沃里克医学院的Naila Rabbani博士领导的研究团队在一项新的研究报告中发现了可以预防糖尿病并发症引起

糖尿病死亡者有一半以上是心脑血管所致,10%是肾病变所致,而因糖尿病截肢的患者是非糖尿病的10~20倍。临床数据显示,3年以上的糖尿病患者,出现并发症的几率在46%以上,5年以上的糖尿病患者几率在61%以上,10年以上的糖尿病患者甚至高达98%,且并发症一旦产生,药物治疗很难逆转。

近日,来自沃里克医学院的Naila Rabbani博士领导的研究团队在一项新的研究报告中发现了可以预防糖尿病并发症引起器官损害的新方法——新型膳食补充剂(称为乙二醛1诱导剂或Glo1诱导剂)。相关文章以“Activation of the unfolded protein response in high glucose treated endothelial cells is mediated by methylglyoxal”为题同步发表在《Scientific Reports》杂志上。

既往研究显示,强化血糖控制可以使1型及2型糖尿病患者白蛋白尿、终末期肾病、视网膜病变、心血管疾病、肾病等并发症风险降低,但并发症风险的降低,却难以完全归因于血糖控制的改善,比如针对DCCT(糖尿病控制和并发症试验)研究的分析就发现,仅11%的视网膜病变可通过糖尿病病程及HbA1c进行解释,余下89%的视网膜病变,仍未找到合适的归因。

在本次研究中,研究人员考察了正常血糖水平和高浓度葡萄糖对人体内皮细胞的影响。 通过增加培养基中葡萄糖的浓度,研究人员模拟了高血糖环境对这类细胞的影响。他们发现,高浓度葡萄糖可以增加内皮细胞的葡萄糖代谢,那么,是谁在从中作梗呢?进一步探索发现,己糖激酶-2(HK2)——葡萄糖代谢的关键物质,在高葡萄糖浓度的环境中降解得更慢,从而代谢比正常情况更多的葡萄糖,如此看来,增加的葡萄糖代谢便是高血糖症中内皮细胞代谢功能障碍的驱动因素。其代谢产物的毒性累积进一步推动了糖尿病血管相关并发症的发展。

研究发现,晚期糖基化终产物(AGEs)的中间代谢产物甲基乙二醛(MG)低水平时具有保护作用而高水平时则发挥毒性作用,引发糖尿病并发症的发生。MG结合并修饰蛋白质,导致它们错误折叠。 在这项研究中,研究人员确定了222种易受MG修饰的蛋白质,激活了一种称为未折叠蛋白质反应的蛋白质质量监测系统,可以去除受损蛋白质。 当未折叠的蛋白质反应过度使用高水平的错误折叠的蛋白质底物时,它会引起炎症反应并导致血凝块形成的风险增加。 这些过程导致涉及糖尿病血管并发症发展的血管损伤。

激活未折叠蛋白质的机制示意图



不仅如此,体内外研究业已证实,MG可影响内皮胰岛素敏感性及肝脏乙二醛酶1的功能,增加体内羟基化合物的水平;而羟基化合物在代谢综合征、非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)及糖尿病并发症的发病中发挥了重要作用。正常情况下,人体具有自我保护防御机制,可发挥解毒作用。具体来说,乙二醛酶1可降解MG,并有效清除羟基化合物。但是,糖尿病时,MG清除受阻,导致MG及羟基化合物水平增高。因此,从这个角度来说,MG解毒将成为未来糖尿病并发症防治的一个非常有潜力的新靶点。

基于以上策略,他们开发了一种新型膳食补充剂(称为乙二醛1诱导剂或Glo1诱导剂)来纠正这种效应。不出所料,Glo1的过度表达阻止了实验性糖尿病中血管相关并发症的发展。

该研究是与卡塔尔哈马德滨海哈利法大学(HBKU)卡塔尔生物医学研究所(QBRI)糖尿病研究中心主任Paul Thornalley教授合作进行的。 研究小组正在努力确认和开发这项研究,以进一步证明HK2和MG在糖尿病细胞功能障碍和器官损伤中的重要性以及Glo1诱导剂治疗糖尿病和糖尿病并发症的益处,如果过程顺利,新药开发在不久的将来也将得以启动。

参考文献

[1].Zehra Irshad1, MingzhanXue, AmalAshour Activation of the unfolded protein response in high glucose treated endothelial cells is mediated by methylglyoxal

[2]. EASD S05-33rd Camillo Golgi Lecture: Diabetic complications: an alternative view on diabetes

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    2019-06-12 184****9840

    学习了,谢谢分享。

    0

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    2019-06-12 zhaojie88
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    2019-06-10 misszhang

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