NEJM:PD-1联合疗法导致2名患者死亡,原因是心脏风险!

2016-11-04 佚名 生物探索

NEJM上的一项新研究证实,BMS的免疫疗法重要产品Opdivo(PD-1抗体)和Yervoy(CTLA-4抗体)的联合使用带来了罕见的心脏风险。两名黑色素瘤患者在接受Opdivo和Yervoy联合治疗首次剂量两周后死于心脏疾病。上个月,免疫疗法中的PD-1/PD-L1抗体“家族”再展雄风。首个治疗转移性非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的PD-L1抗体获批,PD-1抗体Keytruda正式被批准用于NS

NEJM上的一项新研究证实,BMS的免疫疗法重要产品Opdivo(PD-1抗体)和Yervoy(CTLA-4抗体)的联合使用带来了罕见的心脏风险。两名黑色素瘤患者在接受Opdivo和Yervoy联合治疗首次剂量两周后死于心脏疾病。
上个月,免疫疗法中的PD-1/PD-L1抗体“家族”再展雄风。首个治疗转移性非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的PD-L1抗体获批,PD-1抗体Keytruda正式被批准用于NSCLC一线治疗,这些消息再次证明了免疫检查点抑制剂的绝对实力。不过,11月3日发表在NEJM上的一项研究发现了这类突破性免疫疗法一个令人不安的缺点:在少数情况下,它们可能会导致潜在致命的心脏损伤,尤其是在联合使用时。

相关研究以“Fulminant Myocarditis with Combination Immune Checkpoint Blockade”为题发表在NEJM上。研究证实,BMS的免疫疗法重要产品Opdivo(PD-1抗体)和Yervoy(CTLA-4抗体)的联合使用带来了罕见的心脏风险。两名黑色素瘤患者在接受Opdivo和Yervoy联合治疗首次剂量两周后死于心脏疾病(heart trouble),具体为心肌炎(myocarditis)。

该研究的领导者们认为,市场上的另外2个同类药物也可能会造成心脏风险。范德堡大学的Javid Moslehi博士是这一研究的通讯作者,他说:“我的感觉是,这是一类效果,而不局限于一个药物。”不过,医生们强调,这类风险并不能否定这些药物的巨大益处。免疫检查点抑制剂已经改变了多种类型癌症的治疗。

这类疗法的机制是帮助免疫系统“看见”和攻击肿瘤。但在极少数情况下,被“叫醒”的免疫系统似乎不仅攻击肿瘤,还包括心脏和其它肌肉,导致危险的炎症和心律失常。病人需要被告知这类风险的存在。医生在治疗中应密切观察,如果问题发生,应该快速启用药物治疗,“镇压”免疫反应。

除了黑色素瘤,Opdivo-Yervoy联合疗法还被用于治疗某些肺癌。其它已获批的检查点抑制剂包括罗氏的Tecentriq、默沙东的Keytruda。先前偶尔有报道关于这些药物相关的心脏疾病。在最近发生这两例死亡事件后,医生要求BMS检查病人的安全记录。
图片来源:NEJM

截止2016年4月,20,594名接受Opdivo和Yervoy治疗(包括单一用药和联合用药)的患者中,有18例出现了严重的心脏炎症(心肌炎),比率为0.09%。值得注意的是,这种情况在接受联合用药的患者中更加严重和常见,影响了0.27%的患者(上图)。

研究表明,联合用药比单一用药产生了更强的抗癌效果。“现在我们知道,这是一把‘双刃剑’,因为存在过度刺激免疫系统的风险。”西北大学的Jeffrey Sosman博士说。他参与治疗了上述因心脏风险死亡的两个病人。他还说:“最大的问题是,考虑到更强的毒性,是否使用联合治疗有足够的优势呢?”

事实上,这是癌症领域面临的一个更大的问题,而不仅仅存在于免疫疗法中。一些新的基因靶向药物在联合治疗时也会产生重大的副作用。然而,许多医生相信,通过同时关闭肿瘤“雇佣”的多个通路,组合疗法可能是对抗癌症(实现病情缓解,且维持更长的时间)的最佳途径。

Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive癌症中心的Michael Atkins博士认为,在大多数患者中,检查点抑制剂治疗带来的心脏问题是可以治疗的。

原始出处:
Douglas B. Johnson, M.D., Justin M. Balko, Pharm.D et al.Fulminant Myocarditis with Combination Immune Checkpoint Blockade.NEJM.November 3, 2016

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    2016-11-15 fenqiuse

    获益与风险并存

    0

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    2016-11-08 doctorJiangchao

    又要降低了疗效

    0

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    2016-11-07 cqykthl

    还待进一步研究

    0

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    2016-11-04 doctorJiangchao

    继续关注

    0

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    2016-11-04 doctorJiangchao

    继续学习

    0

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