Nature子刊:追踪癌细胞扩散 新技术让结肠癌细胞无所遁形

2019-12-04 转网 转化医学网

近日,杜克癌症研究所的研究人员针对癌症干细胞的扩散有了新发现:研究人员在老鼠身上使用一种新的技术,通过让干细胞发光来直观地标记结肠癌突变,从而让结肠癌癌细胞扩散过程直观地暴露出来。相关文章已发表于《Nature communications》杂志上。通过这项技术,研究人员得以在接下来的研究中,从罹患转移性肿瘤的活体小鼠体内以及活检组织中寻找、追踪癌症干细胞。19世纪中叶,干细胞作为癌症前体的概念首

近日,杜克癌症研究所的研究人员针对癌症干细胞的扩散有了新发现:研究人员在老鼠身上使用一种新的技术,通过让干细胞发光来直观地标

结肠癌突变,从而让结肠癌癌细胞扩散过程直观地暴露出来。

相关文章已发表于《Nature communications》杂志上。

通过这项技术,研究人员得以在接下来的研究中,从罹患转移性肿瘤的活体小鼠体内以及活检组织中寻找、追踪癌症干细胞。

19世纪中叶,干细胞作为癌症前体的概念首次被提出。癌症最可怕之处在于癌细胞会不断转移扩散,究其原因,根源在于原发性病灶在接受治疗后,通常会有癌症的“种子”,也就是癌症干细胞遗留在体内。这些癌症干细胞潜伏在体内,时刻准备着转移并以更具攻击性和抗药性的形式导致肿瘤复发。大多数癌症中,细胞中的一个突变是导致这种转化的起始事件,原癌基因突变引起随后的多重打击将在一段时间内造成突变的积累,最后导致癌症干细胞失去调控的扩增。

大多数直肠癌由息肉引起。过程起始于异常的腺窝,后演变为癌前病变(息肉),最终发展为结肠直肠癌,持续约10 - 15年。目前认为,大多数结直肠癌来源于干细胞或干细胞样细胞。基因和表观遗传学改变的不断积累使抑癌基因失活,并激活癌基因,最终导致癌症干细胞的产生,癌症干细胞是肿瘤形成和维持所必需。



荧光标记的结肠癌干细胞扩散

在本次研究中,为了追踪癌症干细胞的扩散,斯奈德博士领导的研究团队,以一种新的方式应用了分子染色技术,将单个肿瘤干细胞中常见的几种结肠癌突变标记成荧光条形码,并将这种技术在结肠癌小鼠中进行了实验,当转移到实验老鼠身上时,荧光干细胞的条形码可以被视觉跟踪,通过这种方式,研究人员发现了婴儿和成人的肠道微环境在突变细胞的癌前区域中如何生长的关键差异。不仅如此,他们还观察到新生儿对肠内干细胞突变的影响的敏感性变化。这种潜在地在整个肠道中植入大面积的癌前突变细胞的过程被称为肠癌化,大大增加了癌症风险。然而这些突变细胞可以生长和扩散多年,而不被当前的筛选技术所检测出来,以至于后期发展为癌症。

研究人员还观察到,在患者中发现的一些结肠癌突变可以导致癌前肠道周围环境的癌症干细胞大量繁殖,迅速扩散到整个肠道,造成致命的后果。

接下来,研究人员将评估使用该技术追预测结肠癌小鼠预后的能力。研究人员还将深入研究,探索该技术能否用于选择性的杀死癌症干细胞,甚至筛选出特定药物来靶向癌症干细胞,让我们拭目以待。

参考文献

Peter G. Boone,Lauren K. Rochelle1,Joshua D. Ginzel A cancer rainbow mouse for visualizing the functional genomics of oncogenic clonal expansion

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    2020-01-11 liye789132251
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    2019-12-06 yxch36
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    2019-12-04 njwbhuang

    医学的发展离不开技术的进步!

    0

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