COA 2014:腰椎手术失败综合征的原因分析与康复治疗

2014-11-27 郭险峰 钟珊 李旭 李蔷 王聪 第九届COA学术会议

目的: 探讨腰椎手术失败综合征的主要原因及康复治疗。 方法: 腰椎手术失败综合征患者46例,均经脊柱外科医师排除再次手术治疗指征。根据患者致病原因的不同,釆用个体化、 综合性康复治疗方案。对于腰椎稳定性下降导致的腰背疼痛,釆用悬吊运动训练技术治疗;对于神经损伤或废用导致的肌 肉无力或瘫痪,釆用神经肌肉刺激技术、生物反馈技术,部分患者釆用等速肌力训练技术;对于腰背部软组织慢性炎

目的:

探讨腰椎手术失败综合征的主要原因及康复治疗

方法:

腰椎手术失败综合征患者46例,均经脊柱外科医师排除再次手术治疗指征。根据患者致病原因的不同,釆用个体化、 综合性康复治疗方案。对于腰椎稳定性下降导致的腰背疼痛,釆用悬吊运动训练技术治疗;对于神经损伤或废用导致的肌 肉无力或瘫痪,釆用神经肌肉刺激技术、生物反馈技术,部分患者釆用等速肌力训练技术;对于腰背部软组织慢性炎症导 致的疼痛,釆用双氯芬酸钠乳胶剂外用;对于神经病理性疼痛导致的腰痛或下肢疼痛,釆用加巴喷丁口服。

结果:

46例患者康复后40例获得满意效果。临床改善率为54.9%。优22例,良18例。致病原因包括手术指征选择不当、手术 中操作失误、术后康复措施不当、手术相关因素术后逐渐演变导致病情发展4类。本组病例中手术指征选择不当和术后康复 措施不当造成的FESS共计32例,治疗效果优20例,良好11例,这一结果提示使用以主动训练技术为核心的综合性康复技术 有着明显的效果,同时也提示在对腰椎疾病患者中综合使用生物力学技术评估与治疗的重要性。回顾本组病例资料,发现 手术医生仅仅以影像学资料的异常结果就做出手术决定,对腰椎稳定性的核心机制缺乏了解。

结论:

脊柱外科医生应严格掌握腰椎手术适应症,对以腰痛为主要症状的患者,应先转诊至有经验的康复医生处进行系统的康复治疗3到6个月。无论是手术前的康复训练,还是手术后的康复治疗,都应根据腰部生物力学和组织病理学,制定以 主动康复为主的个体化、综合性康复计划。对于FBSS的患者,釆取符合生物力学和组织病理学的评估方法,明确致病因素 后,使用以主动训练为主的个体化、综合性康复治疗,可获得较好疗效。悬吊运动训练技术在FBSS患者的治疗中可取得较 好的疗效。


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    2015-04-12 x35042875

    脊柱融合术中是否使用BMP后的骨不连的发生率无统计学差别

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    2015-03-28 circumcision
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自1999年美国医学研究院发布其标志性报告“人非圣贤孰能无过——建立安全的医疗体系”,安全手术的概念深入人心。但脊柱领域安全手术的追求,为“并发症”事件所矛盾。联合委员会已很好的报道了一些并发症为警讯事件,如异物存留、手术部位错误。警讯事件定义为“预料外事件,包括死亡或身体或精神损害,或由此带来的风险”。一般而言,这些事件发生后的原因分析,集中于系统和过程,不在于个人的操作。术中与个人操作相关的并

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阿司匹林是一类NSAIDs类药物,在临床中较长应用于心血管疾病的预防,也有临床医生将阿司匹林作为血栓的预防用药,并且也取得了不错的效果。随着使用阿司匹林类药物的人群越来越多,其在临床择期手术中的问题开始凸显:即,对使用阿司匹林作为预防药物的患者,在择期手术中是否需要预先停用阿司匹林来减少其可能带来的术后出血风险。早前在spine上也有一篇文献报道,认为在脊柱后路手术过程中,使用阿司匹林作为预防用药

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腰椎管狭窄的手术治疗方法为椎板切除减压,融合或不融合,也是美国上世纪80年代以来腰椎手术中增长最快的手术适应症。迄今为止,关于脊柱影像或手术方式的选择(椎板切除,椎板切除+内固定+融合,椎板切除+非内固定融合),尚无定论。而且,椎管狭窄的手术率千差万别,不同地域差别高达12倍。不同国别也不同,美国为脊柱手术率最高的国家。 很多研究对椎管狭窄的最佳手术方式进行了探讨。2005年cochrone

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腰椎管狭窄指椎管解剖狭窄而压迫硬膜囊内的马尾神经根导致的疾病。腰椎管狭窄为腰椎手术最常见的适应症,年发生率为每10万人中5例。最常见的特殊症状为神经性间歇性跛行,包括腰痛、麻木,和/或放散至臀部、大腿或小腿的刺痛。上述特征性症状在伸腰时因椎管更狭窄而加重,屈腰时缓解。 腰椎管狭窄的原因包括:关节突关节炎,椎间盘退变和突出,退变性滑脱,峡部裂滑脱,变形性骨炎和黄韧带肥厚。治疗方法包括保守和手术,传