自体牙本质颗粒应用于牙周炎患牙拔除后即刻种植1例

2020-02-11 李鹏 祝慧聪 潘婷 口腔医学研究

国内外众多研究表明牙本质颗粒(Dentin matrix,DM)具有类似于骨的化学成分,可作为一种骨再生材料。由患者自身拔出的健康牙齿制备的DM 已用于牙槽窝保存、上颌窦提升和牙槽嵴增高等众多骨增量治疗中。对严重牙周炎导致的松动牙,即刻种植方案往往需要使用各种骨移植材料填充种植体周围的骨缺损。本文报道1例利用自体DM 联合富血小板纤维蛋白(Platelet-rich fibrin,PRF)充填重度

国内外众多研究表明牙本质颗粒(Dentin matrix,DM)具有类似于骨的化学成分,可作为一种骨再生材料。由患者自身拔出的健康牙齿制备的DM 已用于牙槽窝保存、上颌窦提升和牙槽嵴增高等众多骨增量治疗中。对严重牙周炎导致的松动牙,即刻种植方案往往需要使用各种骨移植材料填充种植体周围的骨缺损。本文报道1例利用自体DM 联合富血小板纤维蛋白(Platelet-rich fibrin,PRF)充填重度牙周炎患牙拔除后即刻种植中骨缺损的病例。
 
1.病例资料
 
1.1 患者情况 
 
35岁男性,因右下后牙严重松动伴咬合疼痛1月就诊于本院。临床检查发现:47松动3°,探诊深牙周袋;48部分萌出,远中冠部分龈瓣覆盖,红肿压痛。全景片示47牙根周围牙槽骨吸收,48高位垂直阻生,见图1。


图1 术前全景片
 
1.2 治疗方案 
 
拔除47和48,ITI种植体行47牙位即刻种植,同时自体DM 和PRF联合法行GBR。该治疗方案得到本院医疗伦理委员会的批准,风险和效益完全告知患者后,签署知情同意书。
 
1.3 手术过程 
 
对患者进行完整的牙周洁治1月后开始手术:局麻下微创拔除47和48,刮除牙槽窝炎症肉芽组织,冲洗清创。DM 即刻制备:去除牙髓、牙釉质和附着的炎症组织,保留健康牙本质,使用Osteo-Mill (Tokyo Iken Co.Ltd, Japan)打磨,400μm过筛获取DM 颗粒,使用牙本质脱矿液处理20min,75%酒精消毒5min后生理盐水冲洗,整个过程严格无菌操作。同时抽取患者静脉血制备约2mL PRF,与DM 混合后备用。于47牙位植入5.3×10mm ITI种植体1颗,扭矩达30N/M,Osstell Mentor检测植体ISQ值为50.7。将上述制备好的DM 和PRF混合物置入种植体周围骨间隙,Bio-OSSTM 膜(Geistlich Pharma AG)覆盖后关闭创口,见图2。


图2 术中置入种植体、DM 和生物膜
 
1.4 术后随访
 
术后常规抗炎。6月后检测ISQ值为56.2,X线牙片示:植体周围骨质再生良好,见图3、图4。行上部修复1年后随访,种植体功能良好,无并发症,见图5。


图3 术后6月全景片


图4 术后6月安置种植基台


图5 1年后随访口内照和X线片
 
2.讨论
  
牙本质由约70%无机含量、20%胶原和10%水组成,与骨的化学成分相似,经过脱矿/粉碎、脱脂脱钙和消毒等一系列处理可获得DM。国内外学者均认为:DM骨诱导作用可能与其富含Ⅰ型胶原蛋白、BMP、FGF和VEGF等生长因子密切相关。在拔牙位点保存术中,有学者将患者自体拔除的智齿制成DM 即刻回植,5个月后组织学检测显示牙槽内具有成熟的骨组织。但对DM 应用于即刻种植中骨增量,特别对于存在牙周炎骨缺损的病例,国内外还罕有报道。
  
在牙周炎拔牙后即刻种植方案中,文献报道其下颌的失败率低于上颌,这与下颌骨的骨质密度较高有关。为保证本例患者种植体的骨整合,本文考虑了上述影响因素。此外,术前完整的牙周治疗、术中完全清创、DM 和PRF制备过程的无菌操作,也是保证此案例成功的重要方面。有文献研究了DM 在位点保存术后影像学特征,清楚地反映了DM 颗粒的重吸收、新生骨的矿化、重塑和移植部位的成熟。
 
在本例中,术后6个月的全景片显示:种植体周围新生骨与周围正常牙槽骨的影像学密度无明显差异,与前述报道一致。因此,本例患者在术后6个月时才进行了修复治疗和咬合负重,也是为了保证种植体的骨整合和修复的成功。本文报道1例成功应用自体DM 于重度牙周炎患牙拔除后即刻种植术中的骨再生,对DM 在牙槽骨内的组织学演化进程,及此方案的最终临床效果有待进一步长期研究。
 
原始出处:

李鹏,祝慧聪,潘婷,黄展宏,黄达鸿.自体牙本质颗粒应用于牙周炎患牙拔除后即刻种植1例[J].口腔医学研究,2019,35(02):197-198.

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    2020-07-06 zhouqu_8
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