肩胛骨骨折合并肩锁关节脱位的手术治疗1例

2018-12-03 张炎 李景银 世界最新医学信息文摘

应用手术治疗肩胛骨骨折合并肩锁关节脱位,对骨折端进行坚强内固定,重建肩锁韧带,显著促进了骨折的愈合,减少了骨折不愈合或延迟愈合的机率,同时恢复肩关节稳定性及活动度,是治疗肩胛骨骨折合并肩锁关节脱位的最佳选择。我院于2017-05-06收治一例肩胛骨骨折合并肩锁关节脱位患者,现报告如下:

应用手术治疗肩胛骨骨折合并肩锁关节脱位,对骨折端进行坚强内固定,重建肩锁韧带,显著促进了骨折的愈合,减少了骨折不愈合或延迟愈合的机率,同时恢复肩关节稳定性及活动度,是治疗肩胛骨骨折合并肩锁关节脱位的最佳选择。我院于2017-05-06收治一例肩胛骨骨折合并肩锁关节脱位患者,现报告如下:

病案资料

患者,男,“摔伤致右肩部肿胀、疼痛、功能活动受限8小时”,拍片示:肩胛骨骨折合并肩锁关节脱位。为求进一步治疗,特来我院就诊。门诊以“肩胛骨骨折合并肩锁关节脱位”收入我病区,患者入院时神志清,精神可,无恶寒发热,无恶心呕吐,纳眠可,二便调。专科检查:患者右肩部疼痛、肿胀、畸形、活动受限,肩部外展或抗阻力内收时疼痛加重。可触及锁骨异常活动,局部皮肤有广泛淤青,肢端血运及感觉活动可,无皮肤破损,皮温略高,桡动脉可触及。

辅助检查:X线:右侧肩胛骨上缘骨质横行中断,自关节盂上缘经喙突基底部致肩胛骨上缘内侧,可见长骨片分离;肱骨形态可,右侧锁骨远端翘起,右肩锁关节间隙增宽。入院后完善相关检查,排除手术禁忌症后行肩胛骨骨折合并肩锁关节脱位切开复位内固定术。颈丛神经阻滞麻醉成功后,患者仰卧位,患侧肩胛处垫高,头偏向健侧,常规消毒铺巾,粘贴护皮膜,取右锁骨远端长约8CM的横行切口,逐层切开皮肤、皮下组织、深筋膜,做膜下分离,将斜方肌和三角肌附着处切开分离,避开显露喙突按压复位骨折端,保持关节面平整光滑,沿喙突尖部内侧1.5CM-2CM,与肩胛骨成50°-70°角向肩关节盂基底部打入两枚钛针固定肩胛骨骨折端。(也可插入导针,用两枚空心钉进行固定)透视见骨折端复位可,关节面平整。暴露肩锁关节,清除碎骨片及关节间组织,将上臂上抬,同时向下压锁骨远端,复位肩锁关节,修复骨肩锁韧带,关节囊。


选择合适锁骨钩,打入两枚普通螺钉临时固定,透视见肩锁关节复位可、钢板位置及长度满意,依次打入数枚锁定螺钉并将两枚普通螺钉更换为锁定螺钉充分固定。再次透视见肩胛骨骨折对位可,肩锁关节脱位复位良好,活动右肩部内固定物稳妥,肩关节活动可,将斜方肌和三角肌的边缘在锁骨及肩峰处缝合修复。冲洗并逐层缝合刀口,刀口内置引流条1根,给予常规引流,引流12h--24h。手术顺利,麻醉满意,病人安返病房。前臂吊带固定上肢于功能位。术后给予药物镇痛,2周后配合理疗进行早期功能锻炼。术后1个月复查X线观察骨折断端愈合情况,骨痂开始生长,肩关节面平整光滑。术后3个月复查X线片上可见骨折处四周骨痂阴影,但骨折线仍隐约可见。术后6个月患者开始正常手持重物活动,骨折线基本消失,肩锁关节稳定,肩部前屈、后伸、外展、内收、内外旋基本恢复正常。

讨论

肩胛骨是一扁平的倒三角骨,与锁骨一起将上肢和躯干相连接,起到悬吊上肢及支持上肢各方向运动的作用,同时肩胛骨与胸壁形成胸壁肩胛关节可进行上下、平移、前移、外展运动。肩锁关节由锁骨的肩峰端和肩胛的肩峰关节面、关节滑膜及纤维关节来组成。肩锁关节是构成肩关节复合体的五个关节之一,属于微动关节。参与肩关节的联合运动,虽各方向运动范围不大但却对肩关节各方向功能活动来说必不可少。肩胛骨骨折合并肩锁关节脱位选择切开复位内固定可防止骨折复位丢失、保持关节面平整、恢复肩关节上方悬吊复合体、恢复肩胛骨的稳定性。有利于进行肩关节早期功能锻炼,恢复肩部的功能活动。

原始出处:

张炎, 李景银. 肩胛骨骨折合并肩锁关节脱位的手术治疗1例[J]. 世界最新医学信息文摘, 2018(9).

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    2018-12-18 12128b16m30暂无昵称

    谢谢啦,又学习到了

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