Cancer Discorvery:科学家揭秘诱发急性淋巴细胞白血病复发的细胞特性

2020-03-26 检验医学网 检验医学网

日前,一篇发表在国际杂志Cancer Discovery上的研究报告中,来自圣犹大儿童研究医院等机构的科学家们通过研究发现,诊断时所发现的白血病细胞亚群或会引发急性淋巴细胞白血病患儿疾病复发。

日前,一篇发表在国际杂志Cancer Discovery上的研究报告中,来自圣犹大儿童研究医院等机构的科学家们通过研究发现,诊断时所发现的白血病细胞亚群或会引发急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)患儿疾病复发,相关研究发现或为后期开发新型疗法提供一定的思路和希望。

如今研究人员在治疗ALL上取得了明显的进步,但仍有15%-20%的患儿和40%-75%的成年患者会发生疾病复发,而且复发患者的预后往往较差,针对ALL的疗法能清除部分白血病细胞,而其它白血病细胞则会存活同时会不断进展引发患者疾病复发,究其原因,科学家们目前并不清楚。

所有的ALL细胞都有不同的亚群,即亚克隆群(subclones),其行为和特性与同类型的白血病细胞并不相同,其中部分原因是其背后潜在的遗传原因所决定的,如今研究人员在疾病诊断时鉴定并分离到了这些亚克隆群,这些细胞能对疗法耐受并最终引发患者疾病复发,研究者将这种细胞称之为“诊断复发起始克隆群细胞”(dRI,diagnosis relapse initiating clones)。研究者Charles Mullighan表示,我们并不只是想要做遗传分析,我们还想要了解更为精确的克隆层次,以便更好地理解疾病的复发时间以及如何利用疗法来进行治疗或干预。在诊断时(治疗开始前)对疗法耐受性的细胞克隆或会出现,研究者想要确定在诊断时所发现的亚克隆群在患者治疗期间的行为机制。

随后研究人员对这些细胞进行了先进的基因组和转录组分析,结果表明,dRI克隆会增加癌细胞对标准化疗的耐受性,此外,dRI还在表观遗传、代谢和促生存途径上会发生改变,这就提供了其产生耐药性的途径。

先进的基因组学结合复杂的建模

除了先进的基因组和转录组分析外,研究人员还依赖于患者机体衍生的异种移植模型来进行相关研究,研究者利用小鼠机体中不同剂量的白血病细胞来开发新型模型,这就增加了他们捕捉模型中罕见亚克隆的能力,这一步骤或许能帮助研究人员在疾病诊断时揭示亚克隆癌细胞的存在,而这些亚克隆拥有潜在或疾病复发特性的遗传变异。

研究者John Dick指出,异种移植或能为研究者从诊断样本中了解亚克隆的进化命运和模式提供更多新的见解,如今我们就能从模型中收集大量亚克隆的遗传信息,这将有助于帮助描述亚克隆的轨迹及其获得突变所遵循的顺序,通过异种移植来分裂亚克隆细胞,研究人员就能够进一步分析为何这些亚克隆既能在疗法中存活,还能促进疾病复发。

与此同时,一项发表在国际杂志Blood Cancer Discovery上的研究报告中,研究人员描述了接受ALL疗法的92名患者从疾病诊断到复发过程中机体亚克隆的基因组图谱、模式及进化机制,相关研究提供了一种整合的基因组和功能性方法来描述ALL复发背后的遗传和分子机制。

改善ALL患者的护理和治疗

本文研究发现对于ALL患者的临床治疗和护理具有非常重要的意义,当临床医生知晓患者有疾病复发风险时,他们就能采用预先治疗的手段来预防患者疾病复发,此外,了解哪些细胞亚群会导致疾病复发或会为后期开发新型疗法提供一定的线索。

原始出处:

Stephanie M. Dobson, Laura García-Prat, Robert J. Vanner, et al. Relapse-Fated Latent Diagnosis Subclones in Acute B Lineage Leukemia Are Drug Tolerant and Possess Distinct Metabolic Programs, Cancer Discovery (2020). DOI:10.1158/2159-8290.CD-19-1059.

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    2020-04-21 常春藤0702

    正需要

    0

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    2020-03-28 yankaienglish

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