Nat Genet:唐氏综合症与白血病之间的千丝万缕

2014-04-25 佚名 生物通

尽管医生们早就知道,唐氏综合症患者在儿童期间罹患急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)的风险更高,但是他们一直不能解释其中的原因。目前,美国Dana-Farber癌症研究所的一个研究小组发现了这两种疾病之间的联系。 在2014年4月20日 Nature Genetics 杂志发表的一项研究中,研究人员追踪了将唐氏综合症染色体异常与ALL中发生的严重细胞破坏联系起来的一连串遗传事件。他们的研究结果不仅与

尽管医生们早就知道,唐氏综合症患者在儿童期间罹患急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)的风险更高,但是他们一直不能解释其中的原因。目前,美国Dana-Farber癌症研究所的一个研究小组发现了这两种疾病之间的联系。

在2014年4月20日 Nature Genetics 杂志发表的一项研究中,研究人员追踪了将唐氏综合症染色体异常与ALL中发生的严重细胞破坏联系起来的一连串遗传事件。他们的研究结果不仅与唐氏综合症患者有关,也与很多其他的ALL患者有关。

本文第一作者、Dana-Farber血液肿瘤部门的Andrew Lane博士指出:“80年来,我们一直不清楚唐氏综合症患儿为什么面临急剧升高的ALL风险。科技的发展使我们能够在唐氏综合症实验室模型中研究血细胞和白血病,从而使我们能够发现其中的关联。”

唐氏综合症患者患各种健康问题的风险加大,包括心脏缺陷、呼吸和听力困难、甲状腺疾病。他们在儿童期间患ALL的风险,比普通人群高20倍。

唐氏综合症即21-三体综合征,又称先天愚型或Down综合征,是由染色体异常(多了一条21号染色体)而导致的疾病。现代医学证实,唐氏综合征发生率与母亲怀孕年龄有相关,系21号染色体的异常,有三体、易位及嵌合三种类型。

为了追溯唐氏综合症和ALL——特别是称为B细胞ALL(B-ALL)的最常见疾病形式——之间的联系,Lane和同事们获得了一组携带人类21号染色体上发现的31个基因额外拷贝的小鼠。

Lane解释说:“当身体产生过多的未成熟B细胞时,会发生B-ALL.未成熟的B细胞通常是对抗感染的一类白血细胞。当我们在实验室中检测小鼠的B细胞时,我们发现,它们是异常的,并且生长失控——就像来自B-ALL患者的B细胞那样。”

然后,研究人员扫描了小鼠的B细胞,以确定它们的“分子标签”——将它们与小鼠中正常B细胞区别开来的基因活动模式。主要的区别是异常细胞,一组称为PRC2的蛋白质没有功能。不知何故,PRC2的缺失会刺激B细胞在完全成熟之前就进行分裂和增殖。

为了确认关闭PRC2是否对唐氏综合症患者B-ALL的形成至关重要,Lane的研究小组重点研究由PRC2控制的基因。利用两组B-ALL细胞样品——一组来自于唐氏综合症患者,另外一组来自于非唐氏综合症患者,他们检测了几千个不同基因的活性,寻找两组之间的差异。

结果发现,大约有100个基因在唐氏综合症组中更加活跃,所有这些基因都由PRC2控制。当沉默PRC2时——就像它在唐氏综合症患者B细胞中一样,这100个基因会出现突发性活性,推动细胞的生长和分裂。

接下来的问题是,什么样的基因或基因群可抑制唐氏综合症患者B细胞中的PRC2?利用携带31个基因额外拷贝的小鼠细胞,研究人员有系统地关闭了这些基因中的每一个,以探究这样做对细胞的影响。当他们关闭HMGN1基因时,细胞停止生长并死亡。

Lane评论说:“我们作出结论,HMGN1的额外拷贝,对于关闭PRC2非常的重要,反过来,这会增加细胞的增殖。这提供了长期寻求的唐氏综合症和B细胞ALL发展之间的分子关联。”

目前还没有药物可以靶定HMGN1,这些药物有可能潜在地缩短唐氏综合症患者的白血病过程,但是,研究人员指出,开启PRC2的药物可能对这些人具有一个抗白血病作用。目前,正在进行中的工作将改善这些药物——称为组蛋白去甲基化酶抑制剂,所以,可以在细胞样品和动物模型中检测它们。

Lane补充说,其他形式的B-ALL也具有与唐氏综合症相关的B-ALL中发现的类似100-基因标签,因此,靶定PRC2的药物可能在这些癌症中同样有效。

原始出处:


Lane AA1, Chapuy B1, Lin CY1, Tivey T1, Li H2, Townsend EC1, van Bodegom D1, Day TA1, Wu SC1, Liu H1, Yoda A1, Alexe G2, Schinzel AC3, Sullivan TJ4, Malinge S5, Taylor JE6, Stegmaier K7, Jaffe JD6, Bustin M8, Te Kronnie G9, Izraeli S10, Harris MH11, Stevenson KE12, Neuberg D12, Silverman LB2, Sallan SE2, Bradner JE1, Hahn WC3, Crispino JD13, Pellman D14, Weinstock DM3.Triplication of a 21q22 region contributes to B cell transformation through HMGN1 overexpression and loss of histone H3 Lys27 trimethylation.Nat Genet. 2014 Apr 20. doi: 10.1038/ng.2949. [Epub ahead of print]


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    2015-03-04 xiaoai5777

    超赞,好文章

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    2014-10-21 cy0324
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    2014-05-28 canlab
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    2014-11-19 智智灵药
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    2014-11-11 liye789132251
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