Sci Tran Med:对24条染色体的筛查有望使产前筛查更全面!对24条染色体的筛查有望使产前筛查更全面!

2017-08-31 枫丹白露 来宝网

根据国立卫生研究院和其他机构的研究人员的研究,将无创的产前筛查扩展到所有24个人类染色体可以检测可能解释怀孕期间流产和异常的遗传性疾病。由于数据分析方式,在怀孕期间进行的典型基因组检测目标是针对21,18和13染色体的额外拷贝,但很少评估所有24条染色体。研究结果出现在8月30日的“科学转化医学”杂志上,可能会最终提高这些检测的准确性,其中包括解释为什么会产生假阳性结果。



测序所有24个人类染色体可以发现罕见的疾病】根据国立卫生研究院和其他机构的研究人员的研究,将无创的产前筛查扩展到所有24个人类染色体可以检测可能解释怀孕期间流产和异常的遗传性疾病。由于数据分析方式,在怀孕期间进行的典型基因组检测目标是针对21,18和13染色体的额外拷贝,但很少评估所有24条染色体。研究结果出现在8月30日的“科学转化医学”杂志上,可能会最终提高这些检测的准确性,其中包括解释为什么会产生假阳性结果。

妇女经常要求进行无创检测以检测遗传情况。然而,这些测试通常只关注唐氏综合症和其他常见的三体征。

研究负责人,产前基因组学主任戴安娜·比安奇(Diana W. Bianchi)表示:“将我们的分析扩展到所有的染色体,使我们能够发现严重并发症的风险,并可能减少唐氏综合症和其他遗传病症的假阳性结果。Bianchi博士还是NIH的肯尼迪·希里弗国家儿童健康与人类发展研究所(NICHD)的主任。

研究人员分析了来自近90,000个母体血浆样本的DNA序列数据,所有细胞的血液部分已被除去。在这些样本中,72,972人来自美国队伍,16,885人来自澳大利亚队伍。对于每一个,研究人员计算出归一化的染色体分母质量(NCDQ),其测量样品具有每个染色体的标准两个拷贝的可能性。 NCDQ为50以下的人员被标记进一步评估。

在美国队列中,328(0.45%)个样本被标记,最终被归类为异常。在澳大利亚队列中,71例(0.42%)样本被认为异常,其中60例为罕见的三体综合征。在两组研究组中最常观察到三体综合征的是7组,其次是15,16和22组。

在澳大利亚队列中发现的60例罕见的三体综合征中,52例可以获得妊娠和其他结果数据。值得注意的是,研究人员将22个样品与早期流产(发生在妊娠11或12周之前)进行联系,包括14个样本中的13个,15个三体综合征样本。

“我们发现怀孕最严重并发症的风险是胎盘异常细胞水平很高的人,”研究共同第一作者兼生殖分裂负责人Mark D. Pertile博士说, “我们的研究结果表明,患者可以选择接受所有24条染色体的测试结果。”

原始出处:

Mark D. Pertile et al. Rare autosomal trisomies, revealed by maternal plasma DNA sequencing, suggest increased risk of feto-placental disease, Science Translational Medicine (2017). DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aan1240

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    2018-07-15 bsmagic9140
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    2017-09-02 qilu_qi
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    2017-08-31 tanxingdoctor

    学习啦!谢谢分享!

    0

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由此可见,在诊断为无诱因静脉血栓栓塞的患者中一年内20人中有1人被诊断为隐匿性癌症。年龄较大与较高的癌症患病率相关。虽然最初广泛的筛查策略可能比有限的筛查能发现更多的癌症病例,但这一转化是否会改善患者的预后仍不清楚。

美国疾控中心:仅这 4 种癌症可以有效筛查

2017年美国癌症报告表明,过去二十年间,癌症总体死亡率下降了25%。其中,癌症筛查的推广功不可没。美国过去半个世纪宫颈癌死亡率一路下降,成效亦得益于Pap和HPV检查的普及。

Diabetologia:大型研究发现,筛查可以降低患2型糖尿病患者的死亡率,但对普通人群却没效果

发表在《Diabetologia》(欧洲糖尿病研究协会杂志)上的三项大型试验表明,对2型糖尿病和心血管危险因素的筛查可能不会降低普通人群的死亡率和心血管疾病。然而,对于被诊断患有糖尿病的人来说,筛查与降低死亡率和心血管疾病风险有关。