JAMA Oncol:管住嘴 促炎饮食增加结直肠癌风险

2018-05-10 吴星 环球医学

2018年3月,发表在《JAMA Oncol》的一项由美国和中国科学家进行的研究,考察了促炎性饮食与结直肠癌发生风险之间的相关性。

坊间传闻“久炎必成癌”虽有夸张的成分,但炎症在癌症进展中起重要作用毋庸置疑,其中包括结直肠癌。饮食可调节炎症反应,因此可能是结直肠癌预防的关键可调节因素。若找到哪些饮食与结直肠癌风险之间具有相关性,通过“管住嘴”,或就能在一定程度上规避结直肠癌风险。

2018年3月,发表在《JAMA Oncol》的一项由美国和中国科学家进行的研究,考察了促炎性饮食与结直肠癌发生风险之间的相关性。

研究者使用基于18类食物的加权和的经验饮食炎症模式(EDIP)评分,考察促炎饮食是否与结直肠癌风险增加相关。其中,这18类食物基于炎症标志物的循环水平描述了饮食炎症可能性。

该队列研究纳入46804名男性(健康专业人员随访研究:1986~2012年)和74246名女性(护士健康研究:1984~2012年),随访26年,使用Cox回归检测EDIP评分与结直肠癌风险之间的相关性。研究者也检测了不同酒精摄入水平与体重的相关性。

2017年1月17日开始数据分析,2017年8月9日完成。从食物频率调查问卷计算EDIP评分。该调查问卷每4年进行一次。

主要结局和测量指标为结直肠癌的发病率。

在2571831人-年的随访期中,研究者记录了2699例结直肠癌病例。

最低EDIP五分位数(Q)参与者的结直肠癌发病率(每100000人-年)为113(男性)和80(女性),最高Q EDIP参与者的发病率为151(男性)和92(女性),分别造成促炎性饮食高摄入者结直肠癌未校正发病率的差异为多发生38和12例。

多变量校正分析中,最高vs最低EDIP Qs显示,较高的EDIP评分与进展为结直肠癌风险高44%(男性)、22%(女性)和32%(男性和女性)相关。男性和女性中,除了女性直肠外,全部解剖部位都观察到相关性。

亚组中,相关性随着不同的酒精摄入水平而具有差异,未摄入酒精的男性和女性的相关性较强;该相关性也随着体重的不同而具有差异,超重/肥胖男性和较瘦女性的相关性较强。

结果表明,炎症是将饮食模式与结直肠癌进展联系在一起的可能机制。降低促炎饮食不良作用的干预在超重/肥胖男性和较瘦女性或不饮酒的男性和女性中更有效。

此项队列研究对121050名成人随访26年的证据表明,经验饮食炎症模式评分中得分较高男性和女性进展为结直肠癌的风险显着较高。超重或肥胖的男性、较瘦的女性以及不喝酒的男性和女性,进展结直肠癌的风险较高。

有研究显示,富含脂肪和精制糖类的西方饮食模式,容易导致炎症反应。此外,饱和脂肪(芝士、黄油、肥肉等动物性油脂)、反式脂肪(油炸食品、加工的零食、甜点、植物黄油)、酒精、味精以及一些食品添加剂如阿斯巴甜等都可助长慢性炎症的嚣张气焰。为了躲开谈之色变的“癌症”,我们少吃以上的“促炎食物”。

原始出处:

Tabung FK, Liu L, Wang W, et al. Association of Dietary Inflammatory Potential With Colorectal Cancer Risk in Men and Women. JAMA Oncol. 2018 Mar 1;4(3):366-373. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2017.4844.

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    2018-10-01 minlingfeng
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    2019-02-10 sjq027
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JAMA ONCOL:直肠癌新辅助治疗完全缓解后是否仍需辅助化疗

指南推荐晚期直肠癌患者接受辅助化疗,但是接受新辅助治疗后病理完全缓解(pCR)的患者与未完全缓解的患者相比接受辅助化疗的可能性更小。pCR患者接受辅助化疗对生存的影响尚不清楚。JAMA ONCOL近期发表了一篇文章,研究新辅助放化疗和切除后达到pCR的晚期直肠癌患者接受辅助化疗是否有额外获益。

Radiology:晚期直肠癌新辅助放化疗后有没有疗效呢?

本研究旨在利用MRI表观扩散系数(ADC)图分析评价局灶性晚期直肠癌(LARC)新辅助放化疗后反应的价值,并将结果发表在Radiology上。