Cell Metab:脂肪细胞产生的分子GTF2IRD1隐藏着2型糖尿病的致病“关键”

2018-01-16 佚名 medicalxpress

加州大学旧金山分校的研究人员在脂肪细胞中发现了一种新的生物途径,这可以解释为什么一些肥胖的人患2型糖尿病等代谢疾病的风险很高。这项新发现最初在小鼠身上得到了人类患者数据的支持,可能会带来新的生物标记物来预测谁处于危险之中,并指导治疗以减轻肥胖带来的医疗负担。

加州大学旧金山分校的研究人员在脂肪细胞中发现了一种新的生物途径,这可以解释为什么一些肥胖的人患2型糖尿病等代谢疾病的风险很高。这项新发现最初在小鼠身上得到了人类患者数据的支持,可能会带来新的生物标记物来预测谁处于危险之中,并指导治疗以减轻肥胖带来的医疗负担。

根据疾病控制和预防中心(CDC)的数据,美国超过三分之一的成年人被认为临床上肥胖,而极端肥胖(BMI超过40)的人数在过去20年里翻了一番。肥胖与许多危险的健康状况有关,包括2型糖尿病。然而,最近的研究表明,少数肥胖的人实际上比普通人群更容易患糖尿病


研究人员表示:“事实证明,只有大约30%的肥胖者是真正的高风险。问题在于,从根本上说,我们不知道为什么有些肥胖患者会发展糖尿病,而另一些人则不会。”这一新发现发表在《细胞代谢》杂志上,指出肥胖与糖尿病之间的联系可能取决于脂肪细胞控制脂肪纤维化的能力。也就是脂肪组织中胶原的积累,导致脂肪组织变得僵硬和僵化。众所周知,脂肪细胞的这种能力与炎症增加和代谢功能障碍有关。

加州大学牙科学院的细胞和组织生物学教授以发现人类脂肪细胞可以在两种状态之间移动而闻名,也就是储存能量的白色脂肪和燃烧能量的米色脂肪,这可以帮助身体在寒冷的温度下产生热量。研究小组此前曾证明,米色脂肪含量较高的小鼠可以免受肥胖和糖尿病的影响,并一直致力于找出可以使白色脂肪转化为米黄色脂肪的生物因素,目的是开发治疗肥胖的方法。

作为无偏倚的高通量筛选的一部分来鉴定这种冷敏分子,团队鉴定了一种新的脂肪细胞中的信号分子,该分子似乎通过完全不同的机制降低了小鼠的肥胖和代谢疾病的风险。该分子称为GTF2IRD1,是一种转录因子,也对低温反应,通过还原脂肪细胞产生有助于脂肪组织纤维化的胶原分子而发挥作用。

在喂养高脂饮食的小鼠中,通常导致肥胖,研究人员发现,在脂肪细胞中增加GTF2IRD1水平显着降低了脂肪变性,改善的葡萄糖代谢,而损害或阻断GTF2IRD1具有相反的作用,导致纤维化和葡萄糖代谢受损。“这些都是令人惊讶和令人兴奋的结果,我们过去认为脂肪组织纤维化只是“不健康脂肪”的结果,但是这项研究表明,纤维化是预防人类肥胖和代谢疾病的重要治疗目标。

在这些发现的基础上,实验室分析了一组48人受试者中脂肪细胞GTF2IRD1的表达,这些受试者的肥胖程度不同,参与了正在进行的炎症、糖尿病、种族和肥胖(IDEO)研究。研究人员发现,GTF2IRD1水平与这些个体的皮下脂肪组织中纤维化的数量成反比:具有最高水平转录因子的人几乎普遍表现出较少的纤维化,而具有最低GTF2IRD1水平的人具有更多的纤维化。研究人员还发现,GTF2IRD1水平与身体脂肪的健康分布之间有很强的相关性。

以前的研究表明,将脂肪储存在手臂、髋部、腿部和臀部皮下的人患糖尿病的风险比脂肪主要集中在腹部的那些人要低得多。“这项研究对背景进行了大量的研究。我们的发现表明,那些脂肪细胞被预先配置以产生大量胶原蛋白的人会形成皮下脂肪的纤维化硬化,基本上将这些脂肪储存,并使额外的脂肪更容易溢出到腹腔内,在那里它积聚在肝脏、胰腺、心脏和肌肉等器官周围,并造成严重破坏,从而引发糖尿病的炎症和代谢损伤。”

研究人员说,新发现可以帮助识别肥胖的人群,这些人被预先设置为纤维化,并评估是否已经开发了靶向GTF2IRD1的新药物或已经开发用于纤维化疾病的现有抗纤维化药物,例如在肺和肝脏中,能够预防这些患者发生像糖尿病这样的疾病。他们还希望探讨脂肪变性和分布的差异是否可以解释为什么某些种族群体的人,例如亚洲血统的人,似乎特别容易在肥胖的背景下发展糖尿病。
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    2018-11-19 维他命
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    2018-12-01 仁者大医
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    2018-07-11 一闲
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    2018-01-16 惠映实验室

    学习了.谢谢分享.

    0

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