Chest:多学科讨论:OCS是否增加糖尿病和骨质疏松症发病风险?

2017-11-17 吴星 环球医学

2017年10月,发表在《Chest》的一项研究表明,口服糖皮质激素(OCS)增加英国患者人群糖尿病和骨质疏松症的发病风险。

2017年10月,发表在《Chest》的一项研究表明,口服糖皮质激素(OCS)增加英国患者人群糖尿病骨质疏松症的发病风险。请看本期多学科讨论组临床药师各抒己见为您梳理本文看点——

目的:OCS的剂量和用药时长对慢性疾病发病的影响还没有在广泛的患者人群中进行过探讨。研究者考察了英国(UK)患者中,OCS暴露的随着时间变化的测量与糖尿病(DM)和骨质疏松症发病之间的相关性。

方法:使用UK初级医疗机构数据的最佳患者医疗研究数据库(Optimum Patient Care Research)进行配对历史队列研究。18个月内具有≥2个OCS处方的患者与未暴露于全身糖皮质激素的患者根据年龄、性别和OCS治疗的疾病按照1:1的比例进行配对。患者≥18岁且具有≥3年连续数据(≥1年基线数据和≥2年结局评估阶段数据)。指数日期为OCS患者首次全身糖皮质激素暴露的日期,和配对的非OCS患者最近一次的就诊日期。对每个结局进行单独分析,但排除指数日期前患有相应疾病的患者。骨质疏松症定义为临床确诊或骨质疏松症治疗或可能的骨质疏松性骨折。DM定义为临床确诊或抗糖尿病药物处方或≥2次的糖化血红蛋白读数>6.5%。Cox成比例风险模型用于评估泼尼松龙总累积等效剂量每增加1g后每个结局的风险比(HR)及其95%置信区间(CI)。

结果:共匹配了67626例患者。平均年龄为54.2岁,59%为女性。OCS处方最常用于哮喘(49.1%),其次是慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)(16.8%)和溃疡性结肠炎(7.8%)。58069个配对纳入到DM发病分析中,OCS患者中位随访7.0年,非OCS患者6.3年。与非OCS患者相比,OCS患者的DM发生率更高(发病率比,IRR=1.25 95% CI 1.20,1.31)。多变量分析表明,DM风险增加(总累积OCS剂量每增加1g的HR=1.03,95% CI 1.02,1.04)。对于骨质疏松症,纳入了56646个配对。OCS和非OCS患者中位随访分别为6.6和6.2年。OCS患者的骨质疏松症发生率更高(IRR=2.91 95% CI 2.80,3.04)。多变量分析表明,骨质疏松症风险增加(累积OCS剂量每增加1g的HR=1.52,95% CI,1.45,1.60)。

结论:OCS暴露与DM和骨质疏松症发病风险增加相关。

临床意义:对每天初级医疗机构药物利用的纵向研究需要量化OCS使用对患者健康的影响。

多学科讨论记实

虽然没有证据表明糖皮质激素会引发糖尿病,但血糖升高是糖皮质激素治疗的并发症。此外,糖皮质激素或是糖尿病的诱因。通常停用糖皮质激素后,糖代谢会恢复到用药前的状态。

糖尿病患者比健康人更容易发生骨质疏松症,即糖尿病性骨质疏松症。长期大量应用糖皮质激素可引起一系列不良反应,如水盐代谢紊乱(由于水、钠潴留,如浮肿、低血钾、高血压、钙、磷代谢紊乱等),继而造成骨质疏松症。在应用激素期间应尽量减少盐分摄入,适当增加含钾丰富的食物。

糖尿病使用糖皮质激素需谨慎。专家建议,非糖尿病患者使用大剂量糖皮质激素时应监测血糖至少48小时,根据血糖情况及时给予胰岛素等药物来控制血糖。糖尿病患者在使用糖皮质激素过程中应严密监测血糖和糖化血红蛋白。

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    2018-01-22 Smile2680
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    2018-02-09 1e145228m78(暂无匿称)

    学习了.谢谢作者分享!

    0

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    2017-11-19 Eleven17

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糖尿病是21世纪全球发病率最高和最严重的健康问题之一。糖尿病会引发中风、心血管疾病、慢性肾衰竭、失明、截肢等多种并发症,严重影响了人类的身体健康和生活水平。

糖尿病人仅仅血糖控制达标就OK了吗?还应该同时消灭糖尿病的四大帮凶!

我国18岁以上成人糖尿病的患病率高达11.6%,患病率已经超过美国。中国的糖尿病患者高达1.1亿人,患病总人数居世界第一位,中国已经成为名副其实的糖尿病大国。

J bone joint surg:如何减少术后高血糖并发症?专家提出有效方法!

来自斯克里普斯研究所的科学家们开发出新的阿片类止痛药,这种新型止痛药减轻疼痛的能力与吗啡相当,但是药物过量的副作用和风险却大大降低。

江西糖尿病患者筛查率要达95%

近日,江西省卫生计生委印发《关于建立糖尿病筛查和建档信息报送制度的通知》,提出加快推进糖尿病分级诊疗试点,开展糖尿病患者筛查建档。

Eur J Prev Cardiol:2型糖尿病患者或许更适合具有CV益处的降糖药物

2017年10月,发表在《Eur J Prev Cardiol》上的一项研究,对2型糖尿病患者使用具有心血管(CV)益处的降糖药物的CV结局进行了评估。研究结果证实:大量患者可能适合使用近期临床试验证实的具有CV益处的降糖药物,并且这些药物在循证患者人群中应该考虑更广泛和更有针对性的使用。