《柳叶刀》委员会:三分之一的痴呆症可预防

2017-07-25 佚名 Alzheimer's Associat

全球超过三分之一的痴呆症病例可通过风险影响因素的生活方式干预得到预防。这些可改变的风险因素涉及多个人生阶段而不仅仅是老年。

-《柳叶刀》发布国际痴呆症预防、干预和护理委员会报告
-美国国家老年研究所提供阿尔茨海默病健康差异研究补助金

在伦敦2017年阿尔茨海默病协会国际会议(AAIC 2017)上公布的一份报告中,《柳叶刀》国际痴呆症预防、干预和护理委员会(The Lancet International Commission on Dementia Prevention, Intervention and Care)称,全球超过三分之一的痴呆症病例可通过风险影响因素的生活方式干预得到预防。这些可改变的风险因素涉及多个人生阶段而不仅仅是老年。

《柳叶刀》委员会报告同时在《柳叶刀》和AAIC 2017上公布。               

在AAIC 2017上,美国国家老年研究所(NIA)宣布为阿尔茨海默病健康差异调查提供新的研究补助金。

阿尔茨海默病协会首席科学官Maria Carrillo博士表示:“今天公布的研究结果非常鼓舞人心。从个人层面来说,很多人都有望通过简单、健康的行为改变来降低自身认知衰退和痴呆的风险。从公共健康层面来说,基于这一证据的干预能够有效控制阿尔茨海默病和其它痴呆症的全球人力和经济成本。”

阿尔茨海默病协会提出爱上大脑的10种方法(10 Ways to Love Your Brain),包括根据最新研究降低痴呆风险的实践指引。

《柳叶刀》国际痴呆症预防、干预和护理委员会

《柳叶刀》委员会齐聚24名国际专家,大大加强了我们对痴呆症风险因素、治疗和护理的认知和理解,并且普及了关于我们应该如何预防和控制痴呆症的新知识。该委员会开展了一项新的评估和统合分析,他们通过对听力损失和社会隔离进行分析,扩大了现有的风险模式。结合在人生不同阶段可能改变的风险因素,他们提出了一个新的人生历程风险模式,重点强调了预防机会。

他们的主要建议包括:

  • 用心预防。对已知的风险因素进行干预有望延缓或预防三分之一的痴呆症。
  • 治疗认知症状。为了使认知最大化,阿尔茨海默病或路易体痴呆患者应服用胆碱酯酶抑制剂,重度痴呆可使用美金刚治疗。
  • 个性化痴呆症护理。良好的痴呆症护理涵盖医疗、社会和支持护理;应根据个人和文化需求、偏好和轻重缓急量身定制。
  • 关注家庭护理者。家庭护理者患抑郁症的风险很大。应进行有效的干预,从而降低风险和治疗相关症状。
  • 规划未来。痴呆症患者及其家人重视关于未来的讨论和即将做出的重要决定。
  • 控制神经精神症状。控制痴呆症的神经精神症状(包括焦虑不安、情绪低落或精神错乱)通常从心理、社会和环境方面入手,较严重的症状使用药物治疗。
  • 考虑临终关怀。三分之一的老年人死于痴呆症,所以从事临终关怀的专业人员必须考虑患者是否患有痴呆症,因为他们可能无法决定他们的护理或表达他们的需求和愿望。

专注预防

《柳叶刀》委员会推出一个涵盖人生不同阶段的新痴呆症风险模式,展示了使认知最大化、减少痛苦症状和危机以及提高生活质量的干预措施。该团队从人口水平上估计了每个风险因素对痴呆症总体发病率的贡献。迄今为止的证据表明,约35%的痴呆症病例可归因于九项可改变的风险因素。很多风险因素发生在特定的人生阶段,但有些因素(如抽烟和高血压)可能在人生各阶段产生很大的影响。九项可改变的风险因素包括:

  • 早年 - 15岁之前的教育
  • 中年 - 高血压;肥胖症;听力损失
  • 晚年 - 抑郁症;糖尿病;缺乏身体锻炼;抽烟;很少与社会接触

较常见的风险因素在人口风险中占比较高。举例来说,作者估计8%的痴呆症可能与早期学校教育水平低下有关;5%的痴呆症可能与抽烟有关。人们对教育、高血压、糖尿病和抽烟与痴呆症的关系了解较多,而对听力损失作为潜在风险因素的认知才刚萌芽,相关研究尚处在早期阶段。

该委员会的报告提出有针对性的公共健康战略建议,研究人员预计这将能显著降低阿尔茨海默病和其它痴呆症所造成的全球负担。例如:

  • 作者强烈建议未患痴呆症的中老年人积极治疗高血压,以降低痴呆症的发病率。
  • 建议的其它干预措施包括加强童年教育、定期锻炼、保持社交、戒烟,以及控制听力损失、抑郁、糖尿病和肥胖症。

作者指出,由于缺少数据支持,这项研究不包括饮食因素、饮酒、视力障碍、空气污染和睡眠。

《柳叶刀》委员会报告主要作者、伦敦大学学院教授、医学博士Gill Livingston表示:“虽然公共卫生干预不能预防或治愈所有可能改变的痴呆症,对心血管风险因素、心理健康和听力的干预可使很多人的发病时间推迟多年。即使只实现一部分承诺,也能产生巨大的影响,我们已经在一些人群中看到痴呆症的发病被延迟了多年。如果痴呆症发病被推迟五年,其患病率可减半。”

据该委员会的报告称,七项主要健康和生活方式因素的患病率减少10%,全球痴呆症患病人数即可减少100万以上。一项使痴呆症推迟一年的干预可使2050年全球痴呆症患者人数减少900万。

该委员会报告合著者、来自南加州大学的医学博士Lon Schneider表示:“总的来说,服务水平低下且不断增长的人群有望得到优质的痴呆症预防和治疗。有效的痴呆症预防和治疗可以改变社会的未来,大大改善痴呆症患者及其家人的生活。现在就照我们已经知道的去做,这个目标终将实现。”

美国国家老年研究所提供新的补助金,推进阿尔茨海默病健康差异研究

据阿尔茨海默病协会的《2017年阿尔茨海默病事实与数据》(Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures)报告显示,非洲裔美国人和西班牙裔患上阿尔茨海默病或其它痴呆症的可能性分别是白种人的两倍和1.5倍左右。然而,这些人群在阿尔茨海默病和痴呆症研究中却被忽视。

美国国家老年研究所意识到需要使研究群体多样化,并改善开展阿尔茨海默病和其它痴呆症健康差异研究的方法和工具。该研究所提供两个资助机会,鼓励使用多样化的群体来开展阿尔茨海默病差异研究。在AAIC 2017上,美国国家老年研究所将公布资助对象及项目,并重点强调由此产生的新信息。

美国国家老年研究所特殊人口办公室主任、公共卫生硕士Carl V. Hill博士表示:“必须结合多方面因素在拥有强大人口多样性的研究群体中开展老龄化研究。当研究群体多样化时,就可以识别出将环境、社会文化、行为和生物学因素联系在一起的新路径。这是我们对这些研究资助寄予的希望。”

根据资助机会公告,健康差异人口包括:黑人/非洲裔美国人、西班牙裔/拉丁美洲人、美国印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民、亚裔美国人、夏威夷土著人和其他太平洋岛民、社会经济弱势群体和农村人口。其他人口可能包括:残疾人和性与性别少数群体。

阿尔茨海默病协会国际会议简介

阿尔茨海默病协会国际会议(AAIC)是全球规模最大的阿尔茨海默病及其它痴呆症研究人员聚会。作为阿尔茨海默病协会研究项目的一部分,AAIC是产生痴呆症相关新知识和培育重要的大学研究社区的催化剂。

2017年阿尔茨海默病协会国际会议网页:www.alz.org/aaic/

2017年阿尔茨海默病协会国际会议新闻室:www.alz.org/aaic/pressroom.asp

阿尔茨海默病协会简介

阿尔茨海默病协会是致力于阿尔茨海默病护理、支持和研究的领先自愿性健康组织。其宗旨是通过更深入的研究来消除阿尔茨海默病,为所有受到疾病影响的人提供和提升护理及支持,并通过倡导脑部健康来降低痴呆症危险。其愿景是创造一个没有阿尔茨海默病的世界。详情请访问:alz.org或致电:+1-800.272.3900。

  • Gill Livingston, MBChB, PhD; Lon S. Schneider, MD, MS. The Lancet International Commission on Dementia Prevention and Care.(投资方:伦敦大学学院、英国阿尔茨海默病协会、英国经济与社会研究理事会和英国阿尔茨海默病研究所)
    • www.thelancet.com/commissions/dementia-2017
  • Carl V. Hill, PhD, MPH and Rachel Whitmer, PhD, chairs. Advancing Health Disparities Research with the National Institute on Aging (NIA).(投资方:美国国家老年研究所)

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    2017-09-09 Boyinsh
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    2017-07-30 QQ25ed180f

    未病先防,既病防变

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1836153, encodeId=eb3618361538f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4613e1212fc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#痴呆症#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71212, encryptionId=4613e1212fc, topicName=痴呆症)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=726030, createdName=Boyinsh, createdTime=Sat Sep 09 11:41:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=228141, encodeId=ec212281415f, content=未病先防,既病防变, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://q.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/C3426ED027FF661B0C576A5B3127C2E8/40, createdBy=39dc1706090, createdName=QQ25ed180f, createdTime=Sun Jul 30 16:40:24 CST 2017, time=2017-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=226667, encodeId=113722666e2e, content=讲解的非常好,值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Wed Jul 26 21:59:30 CST 2017, time=2017-07-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=226377, encodeId=e2df2263e77b, content=希望得到推广, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLCclExeQ6LOGMD4dTsia4Ty4HtZCxRmG5vO5XIKfKX3a3vusfhHSej4Iib517vmhFW7RQgh7bpDp1yw/0, createdBy=50951609779, createdName=baihao215, createdTime=Wed Jul 26 07:19:11 CST 2017, time=2017-07-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=226210, encodeId=bb27226210ee, content=.不错的,学习了!谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Tue Jul 25 18:09:29 CST 2017, time=2017-07-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=226191, encodeId=1393226191a4, content=学习一下谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzaiabIFicf63hKvVMjL6aJlx4yX4UcXmzX9DyibCRcicq0QtCRWMaQKh8MYjE1D3EKUBopgiaGWYuqbeR/0, createdBy=0c2b1999806, createdName=三生有幸9135, createdTime=Tue Jul 25 16:03:12 CST 2017, time=2017-07-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=226182, encodeId=389f226182c7, content=好东西学习了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=92191944782, createdName=thlabcde, createdTime=Tue Jul 25 15:16:24 CST 2017, time=2017-07-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-07-26 虈亣靌

    讲解的非常好,值得学习

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1836153, encodeId=eb3618361538f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4613e1212fc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#痴呆症#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71212, encryptionId=4613e1212fc, topicName=痴呆症)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=726030, createdName=Boyinsh, createdTime=Sat Sep 09 11:41:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=228141, encodeId=ec212281415f, content=未病先防,既病防变, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://q.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/C3426ED027FF661B0C576A5B3127C2E8/40, createdBy=39dc1706090, createdName=QQ25ed180f, createdTime=Sun Jul 30 16:40:24 CST 2017, time=2017-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=226667, encodeId=113722666e2e, content=讲解的非常好,值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Wed Jul 26 21:59:30 CST 2017, time=2017-07-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=226377, encodeId=e2df2263e77b, content=希望得到推广, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLCclExeQ6LOGMD4dTsia4Ty4HtZCxRmG5vO5XIKfKX3a3vusfhHSej4Iib517vmhFW7RQgh7bpDp1yw/0, createdBy=50951609779, createdName=baihao215, createdTime=Wed Jul 26 07:19:11 CST 2017, time=2017-07-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=226210, encodeId=bb27226210ee, content=.不错的,学习了!谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Tue Jul 25 18:09:29 CST 2017, time=2017-07-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=226191, encodeId=1393226191a4, content=学习一下谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzaiabIFicf63hKvVMjL6aJlx4yX4UcXmzX9DyibCRcicq0QtCRWMaQKh8MYjE1D3EKUBopgiaGWYuqbeR/0, createdBy=0c2b1999806, createdName=三生有幸9135, createdTime=Tue Jul 25 16:03:12 CST 2017, time=2017-07-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=226182, encodeId=389f226182c7, content=好东西学习了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=92191944782, createdName=thlabcde, createdTime=Tue Jul 25 15:16:24 CST 2017, time=2017-07-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-07-26 baihao215

    希望得到推广

    0

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    2017-07-25 虈亣靌

    .不错的,学习了!谢谢分享!

    0

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    2017-07-25 三生有幸9135

    学习一下谢谢分享

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1836153, encodeId=eb3618361538f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4613e1212fc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#痴呆症#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71212, encryptionId=4613e1212fc, topicName=痴呆症)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=726030, createdName=Boyinsh, createdTime=Sat Sep 09 11:41:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=228141, encodeId=ec212281415f, content=未病先防,既病防变, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://q.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/C3426ED027FF661B0C576A5B3127C2E8/40, createdBy=39dc1706090, createdName=QQ25ed180f, createdTime=Sun Jul 30 16:40:24 CST 2017, time=2017-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=226667, encodeId=113722666e2e, content=讲解的非常好,值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Wed Jul 26 21:59:30 CST 2017, time=2017-07-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=226377, encodeId=e2df2263e77b, content=希望得到推广, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLCclExeQ6LOGMD4dTsia4Ty4HtZCxRmG5vO5XIKfKX3a3vusfhHSej4Iib517vmhFW7RQgh7bpDp1yw/0, createdBy=50951609779, createdName=baihao215, createdTime=Wed Jul 26 07:19:11 CST 2017, time=2017-07-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=226210, encodeId=bb27226210ee, content=.不错的,学习了!谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Tue Jul 25 18:09:29 CST 2017, time=2017-07-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=226191, encodeId=1393226191a4, content=学习一下谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzaiabIFicf63hKvVMjL6aJlx4yX4UcXmzX9DyibCRcicq0QtCRWMaQKh8MYjE1D3EKUBopgiaGWYuqbeR/0, createdBy=0c2b1999806, createdName=三生有幸9135, createdTime=Tue Jul 25 16:03:12 CST 2017, time=2017-07-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=226182, encodeId=389f226182c7, content=好东西学习了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=92191944782, createdName=thlabcde, createdTime=Tue Jul 25 15:16:24 CST 2017, time=2017-07-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-07-25 thlabcde

    好东西学习了!

    0

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研究人员指出,现如今人们的生活方式是心脑血管疾病的潜在风险因素,除此之外年龄、吸烟、高胆固醇、高血压、缺乏运动、肥胖和糖尿病也都与之相关。“我们的研究显示土著美国居民斯提曼人冠状动脉粥样硬化患病率最低,通过他们的生活方式表明,食用低饱和脂肪和未经加工的高碳水化合物, 以及野生动物和鱼类, 一整天不吸烟,多活动可以帮助防止心脏的动脉硬化。”

BioWeek资讯回顾:柳叶刀公布35国公民预期寿命,10大重磅药物面临专利过期,肥胖可能是种传染病……

为了帮助读者更好、更深入地了解前沿生物技术研究和生物行业内的成功商业模式。生物探索推出BioWeek栏目。通过综述生物圈内的产业动态和研究前沿,来帮助您更好地认识生物业内的“生态圈”。

按照新的期刊评价指数CiteScore,柳叶刀竟然没进前200名

出版业巨头Elsevier的CiteScore使用更大的数据库,其对期刊质量的评价结果也与影响因子不同。撰文  Richard Van Noorden科学界最具争议的衡量标准之一现在有了一个崭新的对手。12月8日,出版业巨头Elsevier发布了评估期刊质量的CiteScore指数。尽管CiteScore的排名计算公式在很大程度上模仿了现在最具影响力的期刊影响因子(JIF),但其涵盖