Nature封面重磅:人工智能一出马,人类医生就败下阵来

2017-02-14 佚名 药明康德

皮肤癌是人类最为常见的恶性肿瘤之一。皮肤癌与往往因为与痣长得过于相像,而被忽略。等到病情恶化时,则已经为时过晚。上周,发表在《自然》(Nature)杂志上的一篇论文给我们提供了一项方便的工具。而它的背后,则是现在火爆得不行的深度学习和人工智能。

皮肤癌是人类最为常见的恶性肿瘤之一。理论上讲,出现在皮肤表面的它们很容易就能被发现,但人们却往往因为皮肤癌与痣长得过于相像,而粗心大意,将它们忽略。等到病情恶化时,则已经为时过晚。

这也怨不得普通人。鉴定皮肤癌是一项复杂的工作,医生要分析它的外形和特征,甚至要动用活检技术,从患者的组织上切下一块来,才能确定皮肤上的异物是否真的发生了癌变。这对于没有医学知识的普通人而言,显然是太复杂了。

上周,发表在《自然》(Nature)杂志上的一篇论文给我们提供了一项方便的工具。而它的背后,则是现在火爆得不行的深度学习和人工智能。

众所周知,机器的学习能力远非人类能相提并论。在这项研究中,科学家们让一个“卷积神经网

络”(Convolutional Neural Network)分析了将近13万张临床上的皮肤癌图片,这个数字比现在最大的研究高出了2个数量级。在大量的学习资料下,这个神经网络迅速成为了一名皮肤癌的专家。

都说实践是检验真理的唯一标准。这个神经网络究竟准不准,也只有靠实践来测试了。与它一同站上擂台的,是21名资深的皮肤科医生。一场医学领域的“人机大战”一触即发。


看似接近的不同皮肤病,在人工智能眼里,却有着完全不同的意味(图片来源:Nature)

在第一场挑战中,这个神经网络与医生们一同区分两种不同的皮肤疾病——角质细胞癌与良性脂溢性角化病。前者是最为常见的皮肤癌。这一比较发现,综合灵敏性和特异性来看,这个神经网络的表现比大部分参与研究的皮肤科医生都要好。

不服气的人类做了第二项测试,这次他们比较的是恶性黑色素瘤与良性的痣。前者是最具杀伤力的皮肤癌。但在这场比试中,人类也同样败下阵来。

更夸张的是,人类的医生需要十多年的训练和培养,还需要一代一代传承。而人工智能则完全没有这方面的限制。事实上,它只会变得越来越好。


这项研究登上了《Nature》的封面(图片来源:Nature)

这对人类意味着什么呢?据估计,到2021年,全世界大约会有63亿台手机,差不多人手一台。如果在这些手机上安装分析程序,那就相当于有了63亿名专业的皮肤科医生。到了那个时候,每个人都能方便地对自己皮肤上的异物进行拍照,扫描和分析,第一时间知道自己的患病风险。

一个让人兴奋的人工智能时代,正在到来!

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    2017-06-27 liye789132251
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    2017-02-16 wmu姿

    人工智能毕竟不是一个人的智能,而是很多人对一个人

    0

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    2017-02-16 xxxx1054
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    2017-02-15 天下第一海

    医生没用了

    0

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    2017-02-14 huangwukui

    厉害呀

    0

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