World J Biol Psychia:监测预防服用抗抑郁药物患者的不良反应国际共识申明

2017-11-08 佚名 大话精神

根据最近的一项国际共识声明,高度个性化的评估和监测对于预防服用抗抑郁药物患者的不良反应至关重要。这一共识的参与者包括来自澳大利亚双相抑郁障碍协会(ASBDD),加拿大情绪和焦虑治疗网络(CANMAT),世界生物精神病学学会联合会(WFSBP)以及国际情感性精神障碍协会(ISAD)的专家。

根据最近的一项国际共识声明,高度个性化的评估和监测对于预防服用抗抑郁药物患者的不良反应至关重要。这一共识的参与者包括来自澳大利亚双相抑郁障碍协会(ASBDD),加拿大情绪和焦虑治疗网络(CANMAT),世界生物精神病学学会联合会(WFSBP)以及国际情感性精神障碍协会(ISAD)的专家。
 
抗抑郁药物的副作用
 
抗抑郁药物的常见副作用包括头痛、恶心、焦虑、镇静、性功能障碍、认知改变、体重增加和代谢异常。更罕见的也更严重的不良事件包括对心脏、神经和肝脏的影响。在某些患者群体中,自杀风险增加也是一个问题。

该小组为改善不良反应和优化治疗提供了指导。他们强调诊断工作的重要性,应该在做出诊断或治疗决定之前完成。
 
诊断工作
 
基线评估应包括疾病的性质和病程、患者的临床病史、鉴别诊断、医疗和精神疾病合并症,以及之前治疗的反应和耐受性相关信息,以及任何家庭成员的精神药物治疗的反应。除了全面的诊断性访谈外,工具还可以包括自评式问卷和症状量表。
 
鉴于专家之间关于常规使用基础实验室检测的观点存在分歧,建议进行检测以排除MDD假象或MDD样的生理状况。其中包括,一个完整的血细胞计数以排除贫血,甲状腺功能测试,酒精和药物滥用筛查,传染性疾病筛查,24小时尿游离皮质醇测试以排除超皮质激素或低糖皮质激素,以及神经影像学和神经心理测试来排除认知障碍。专家组指出,病毒感染引起的疲劳和快感缺乏可能与抑郁、高皮质醇血症或低皮质醇血症、小血管疾病和早期痴呆有关。
 
评估患者对抗抑郁药反应的基线测试包括体重测量、性健康评估、心血管参数(如血压和心电图)、妊娠状态、肝功能和骨密度测量。某些抗抑郁药可能会影响体重,进而影响代谢综合征等疾病。抗抑郁药物也会影响性功能,更常见的是,与性功能有关的问题,SSRIs类药物则会影响骨密度。
 
治疗的选择
 
治疗选择应基于个体抗抑郁药的有效性和耐受性,患者过去的临床症状以及对药物的反应和耐受性,以及患者是否属于特殊人群(如未成年人、老年、孕妇或共病),同时还要考虑患者个人的喜好以及费用限制(如医保等)。此外,应与患者讨论是否使用药物进行治疗,并尊重患者自己的选择,还应讨论包括心理治疗在内的各种选择。
 
监测
 
一旦患者开始接受治疗,建议定期监测体重变化、肝功能、血液和心血管参数。对于正在接受选择性五羟色胺再摄取抑制剂或去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂的患者,临床医生需特别注意观察患者的低钠血症,尤其是妇女和老年人。此外,要强烈警惕具有代谢综合征、性功能障碍和自杀倾向的患者。应在每次随访时对患者进行评估,包括症状量表的使用。
 
该专家组还建议,当发生不良反应时,主治医生必须准备立即作出决定:是否需要中断治疗、更改处方还是继续治疗?临床医生需要与患者讨论所有不良反应,并通过协商达成一致的治疗决定。
 
总结
 
该小组的结论是,因为抗抑郁药物治疗可能有一定风险,因此需要进行仔细的评估和监测。通过一些监测手段,并对每一位患者的需要和危险因素进行细致观察,可以将不良反应缩小到最小范围。

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    2018-04-17 sunylz
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    2018-06-07 wetgdt
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