medRxiv:李兰娟团队,SARS-CoV-2出现可改变其致病性的突变,体外感染很大显示270倍差异

2020-04-22 生物探索 生物探索

据美国约翰斯·霍普金斯大学实时数据统计,截至北京时间22日早上6时38分,全球新冠肺炎(COVID-19)确诊病例已超256万,死亡病例达176926例。

据美国约翰斯·霍普金斯大学实时数据统计,截至北京时间22日早上6时38分,全球新冠肺炎(COVID-19)确诊病例已超256万,死亡病例达176926例。

迄今为止的科学研究表明,新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)已经发生变异,至于这种变异将产生怎样的影响,目前尚无定论。

4月20日,由中国工程院院士李兰娟领衔发布在预印本网站medRxiv(未经同行评审)上的一项研究报告指出,SARS-CoV-2已经获得了能够实质性改变其致病性功能的突变,并且不同变异毒株病毒载量方面的差异可达270倍

https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.14.20060160

研究人员采集了2020年1月22日至2020年2月4日期间被收治在浙江大学附属医院的11位COVID-19患者的病毒样本。其中8人为男性患者,3人为女性患者,年龄在4个月至71岁之间,除年龄最小的患者为轻度症状外,其余10名患者均为中症或重症患者。

为了探究这11个病毒分离株的突变谱,研究人员对它们进行了超深度测序,并将所得结果与全球共享流感数据倡议组织(GISAID)中的1111个基因组序列进行了比较,发现这些分离株上共存在33个突变,其中有19个是首次发现的全新突变。尽管样本数量较少,但是从分析结果来看,病毒存在丰富的变异多样性,这说明新冠毒株的真正多样性在很大程度上仍然没有被充分认识

11个病毒分离株上的每一个突变总结,蓝色标记意味着新的突变

不过,最关键的问题在于,病毒的突变将对病毒的致病性功能产生怎样的影响

由于COVID-19患者可能会因年龄、身体状况等因素而出现不同的感染症状,因此,为了更客观地评估这些突变对病毒致病性的影响,研究人员选择了Vero-E6细胞系进行体外感染性试验。这种细胞系的ACE2蛋白与人体内的非常相似,而ACE2是SARS-CoV-2进入人体细胞所需的受体,因此能够提供SARS-CoV-2感染细胞系的直接证据。

研究人员使用从这11名患者身上获取的SARS-CoV-2分离株分别感染了Vero-E6细胞,之后每隔一段时间采集细胞并检测细胞的病毒载量。观察结果表明,随着时间的推移,新冠病毒株在病毒载量方面表现出显著差异,并且在24小时这一节点上,不同病毒株的病毒载量最高差异可达270倍!

当感染Vero-E6细胞时,患者来源的SARS-CoV-2分离株的病毒载量存在时间变化。

那么,病毒载量越高,是否意味着更大的细胞死亡风险呢

在接下来的实验中,研究人员使用DIC显微镜观察了48小时72小时这两个时间节点上的细胞病变效应(CPE),这是一种病毒大量繁殖导致细胞病变甚至死亡的情况。结果显示,CPE与病毒载量数据高度一致,表明病毒载量越高,细胞死亡率越高

CPE的变化与病毒载量(CT)密切相关。A为每个时间点观察到病毒载量的显著变化,B中箭头所指细胞正在溶解,C为CPE与CT之间的关系。

值得注意的是,从第11号患者(ZJU-11)身上分离的病毒株出现了三核苷酸突变,并且这种突变似乎在后续实验中使毒株的复制速率和致病力大大提升,患者的阳性检测结果维持了45天。研究人员认为,这种突变对病毒致病性功能的影响值得研究

总之,这项研究提供了直接的证据,证明目前在SARS-CoV-2基因组中发生的突变具有影响病毒致病性的功能潜力。因此,除了积累基因组测序数据外,研究人员还应尽可能在细胞水平上进行病毒监测。尽管研发COVID-19药物和疫苗迫在眉睫,但仍需考虑到这些累积的突变,以避免潜在的陷阱。

原始出处:

Hangping Yao, Xiangyun Lu, Qiong Chen, et.al. Patient-derived mutations impact pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2. medRxiv April 19, 2020.

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    2021-03-20 hukaixun
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    2020-05-20 cnxcy
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    2020-04-24 小刀医生
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    2020-04-24 智慧医人

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Alexion制药公司近日表示,它计划启动Ultomiris(ravulizumab-cwvz)治疗COVID-19急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者的III期研究。

JAMA超详细综述:盘点COVID-19的治疗药物及临床试验进展

美国约翰斯·霍普金斯大学实时统计数据显示,截至北京时间2020年4月21日10时,全球COVID-19的确诊病例已达到247万多例。

拓展阅读

J Clin Med:COVID-19住院患者血栓形成和出血风险评分与死亡率密切相关

本研究提示COVID-19血栓形成和出血风险评分高的患者死亡率更高。

Front Med:COVID-19住院患者Casirivimab/imdevimab失败预测评分的开发和验证

Casirivimab和imdevimab是两种非竞争性、高亲和力的人IgG1抗COVID-19单克隆抗体,它们特异性结合COVID-19病毒刺突糖蛋白的受体结合域,从而阻断病毒进入宿主细胞。

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在T2D合并COVID-19患者中,随访观察到住院死亡率、卒中和心血管住院率增加。

Cureus:2型糖尿病状态、糖尿病并发症严重程度指数评分及其与COVID-19严重程度的关系

与非糖尿病患者相比,我们样本中的糖尿病患者发生COVID-19不良临床结果和住院死亡率的几率更高。

Lancet Infect Dis:口服VV116用于治疗轻中度COVID-19成人患者的有效性和安全性评价

目前,治疗COVID-19的医疗需求仍未得到满足,新型抗病毒药物-VV116可用于治疗轻中度COVID-19成人患者,能够显著缩短临床症状持续时间,与其他药物较少发生药物间相互作用,且安全性良好。

论文解读|Yihua Wang教授团队新研究揭示了揭示COVID-19对肺癌治疗和研究的深远影响

该文章揭示了此次大流行对肺癌治疗、临床试验、研究活动的影响。