JAMA Oncology:癌症无创检测突破成果!呼吸测癌,准确率达85%

2018-05-23 风铃 生物探索

在一个包含335名患者的多中心临床试验中,这一非侵入性的(non-invasive,无创的)呼吸测试能够以85%的准确率从良性疾病(benign diseases)中鉴定出癌症。相关成果于5月17日以“Assessment of a Noninvasive Exhaled Breath Test for the Diagnosis of Oesophagogastric Cancer”为题发表在J


图片来源:JAMA Oncology( doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.0991)

在一个包含335名患者的多中心临床试验中,这一非侵入性的(non-invasive,无创的)呼吸测试能够以85%的准确率从良性疾病(benign diseases)中鉴定出癌症。相关成果于5月17日以“Assessment of a Noninvasive Exhaled Breath Test for the Diagnosis of Oesophagogastric Cancer”为题发表在JAMA Oncology杂志上。

胃癌和食道癌占全球癌症相关死亡(cancer-related deaths)的15%。目前医生主要是通过内窥镜检查(endoscopy)来诊断这两类癌症。不过这一诊断程序是侵入性的,且只有2%进行内窥镜检查的患者被诊断出患食道癌和胃癌。此外,由于费用问题,让大量出现非特异性症状的患者进行内窥镜检查也不大可能。


Credit: Imperial College London

新技术是什么?

这项新研究中开发的呼吸测试旨在寻找胃癌和食道癌患者呼出的气体中独特的化学成分。结果发现,这些癌症患者产生了一种挥发性有机化合物(olatile organic compounds,VOC)的特有气味。研究人员能够利用质谱仪对呼吸样本中VOCs的数量进行识别和量化。

2015-2016年间,科学家们从The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust 和UCLH收集了335名患者的呼吸样本。其中,有163名患者被诊断为食管癌或胃癌,172名患者被诊断为其他良性疾病或有正常的胃(normal stomach)。

为了进行检测,患者先向一个装置中呼气,然后研究人员对他们呼出气体中的挥发性化合物进行分析。结果显示,呼吸测试具有良好的诊断准确性。


Credit: Imperial College London

未来方向

领导这一研究的 George Hanna教授说:“胃癌和食道癌大多数是在晚期才被诊断出来,而此时想要治愈是不可能的。因此,癌症的早期诊断是一种刚需,能够给患者带来更多的治疗选择,挽救更多的生命。”

目前,该研究小组正在进行进一步的调查,以改进这一呼吸测试。他们也将进行更大规模的临床试验以验证现有的结果,并看看该测试能否诊断其他类型的癌症,如胰腺癌

科学家们希望,这一测试能够用于帮助临床医生决定患者是否需要进行进一步的调查。他们相信,未来临床医生会像使用常规的血液测试一样来运用呼吸测试。

原始出处:

Sheraz R. Markar, Tom Wiggins, Stefan Antonowicz, et.al. Assessment of a Noninvasive Exhaled Breath Test for the Diagnosis of Oesophagogastric Cancer. JAMA Oncology May 17, 2018

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    2018-08-14 minlingfeng
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    2018-05-28 baihao215

    高顶尖.值得推广

    0

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    2018-05-27 baihao215

    值得关注.学习了

    0

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    2018-05-23 龙胆草

    学习谢谢分享

    0

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