成人乙肝疫苗接种,你需要知道4件事!

2017-06-20 佚名 医学界感染频道

乙肝疫苗接种是预防乙肝最有效的方法,但是不是人人都需要接种乙肝疫苗,如何接种乙肝疫苗,剂量或接种次数是多少,如何判断是初种还是复种等等这些问题很多人并不是很清楚。下面给大家一一解答。一如何判断是否需要接种?对于成人来说,接种乙肝疫苗,首先应检查乙肝五项指标,乙肝五项指标的检测有定性和定量两种方法,根据检测结果可以确定哪些人需要接种疫苗,哪些人不需要接种疫苗。例如:这些乙肝表面抗原阳性者不接种乙肝疫

乙肝疫苗接种是预防乙肝最有效的方法,但是不是人人都需要接种乙肝疫苗,如何接种乙肝疫苗,剂量或接种次数是多少,如何判断是初种还是复种等等这些问题很多人并不是很清楚。下面给大家一一解答。


如何判断是否需要接种?

对于成人来说,接种乙肝疫苗,首先应检查乙肝五项指标,乙肝五项指标的检测有定性和定量两种方法,根据检测结果可以确定哪些人需要接种疫苗,哪些人不需要接种疫苗。例如:

这些乙肝表面抗原阳性者不接种乙肝疫苗。

1、看乙肝表面抗原:如果定性检测阳性、或定量检测>0.05IU/mL,提示已经感染有乙肝病毒,乙肝疫苗接种无效。

所以,当表面抗体阴性或弱阳性,或<100mIU/ml时可考虑加强乙肝疫苗接种。

2、看乙肝表面抗体:如果定性检测阳性,则一般不再建议乙肝疫苗接种,但表面抗体的浓度有多少,其对人体的保护作用有多强则不清楚。所以最好能有定量检测。在定量检测中,当表面抗体>10mIU/ml时定性检测即可表现为阳性,但一般认为,只有当表面抗体>30mIU/ml时才有保护作用,最好能达到100mIU/ml以上。


接种几针,剂量多少?

如果是初种,要求是接种3针。接种时间是:第1针接种后再过一个月接种第2针,6月时接种第3针(即:0、1、6),每次接种10微克。如果是复种,接种1针即可,剂量可以10微克,也可20微克。


如何判断是初种还是复种?

1、可以通过化验检查来判断,如果乙肝五项指标中,表面抗原阴性,而表面抗体、e抗体和核心抗体有任一项阳性者,属于复种,上述表面抗体<100mIU/ml就属于复种之列。

2、需要结合疫苗接种史和乙肝感染史来判断。如果明确有乙肝疫苗接种史或乙肝感染史,这是复种。如果乙肝疫苗接种史或乙肝感染史都不明确、且乙肝五项指标均为阴性者,可按初种管理


接种注意事项

有5-10%的人对乙肝疫苗无反应,主要见于40岁以上、肥胖、饮酒、接受血液透析、以及各种原因引起的免疫功能低下者,对这部分人可增大疫苗剂量和接种频次。

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    2017-06-21 130****4638

    学习了受益匪浅

    0

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    2017-06-21 Julie W

    乙肝疫苗的接种以及注意的事项

    0

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    2017-06-21 lou.minghong

    学习了

    0