善用他汀,逆转斑块!——如何利用他汀逆转ASCVD患者斑块

2017-08-06 佚名 嘉音

动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease,ASCVD )包括冠心病、动脉粥样硬化性卒中和外周血管疾病,病理基础是动脉粥样硬化(AS)。AS是脂代谢紊乱和炎症性血管疾病,随着疾病发展,血管堵塞程度加重,最终可能导致血管彻底阻塞。

动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease,ASCVD )包括冠心病、动脉粥样硬化性卒中和外周血管疾病,病理基础是动脉粥样硬化(AS)。AS是脂代谢紊乱和炎症性血管疾病,随着疾病发展,血管堵塞程度加重,最终可能导致血管彻底阻塞。


图1 不同程度的AS

临床试验证明他汀治疗可以逆转AS,降低心血管事件。我们也将通过本文,向大家介绍逆转斑块的方案及注意事项。

一、斑块评估及医学证据

一些血管内影像学检查如血管内超声(IVUS)检测冠脉斑块体积的变化可以预测ASCVD事件的发生,从而可作为临床ASCVD事件的替代指标。

常用的IVUS评估冠脉斑块体积的指标包括动脉粥样硬化斑块体积百分比(PAV)和动脉粥样硬化斑块总体积(TAV)。如果治疗结束时PAV或TAV较治疗开始时增加,则判断为斑块进展,反之为斑块逆转。相对而言TAV具有更高的敏感性而PAV精确性更高。IVUS显示斑块体积增加,则ASCVD事件发生风险增加;反之如果斑块逆转则ASCVD事件的风险下降。

逆转AS斑块是减低ASCVD事件的基石。应用IVUS评价冠脉斑块变化的他汀临床试验REVERSAL研究、ASTEROID研究、SATURN研究、COSMOS研究等研究结果均显示,强化他汀治疗可以显着延缓甚至逆转冠脉AS,作用与他汀全面调节血脂和抗炎相关。

二、主要目标人群

所有ASCVD患者包括冠心病、动脉粥样硬化性卒中和外周血管疾病患者。

三、逆转斑块的调脂目标

他汀治疗显着降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)同时升高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HLD-C),才能逆转AS斑块。

当经治疗后的LDL-C显着降低至1.4~2.1 mmol/L(53~79 mg/dL)时,冠脉斑块可保持不进展;

同时升高载脂蛋白A1(Apo-A1)>9%(达到1.35~1.5 g/L)和HDL-C>8%达到1.2~1.4 nmol/L(45~55 mg/dL)可以观察到冠脉斑块的逆转。

因此,这可以作为他汀类药物治疗减少胆固醇流入斑块和增加胆固醇流出斑块的目标值,对冠心病的防治具有重要指导意义。

四、治疗方案

1.ASCVD患者常规检测基线血脂水平。急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者入院后在24h内检测基线血脂,尽早开始服用他汀。

2.他汀剂量:阿托伐他汀20 mg。

3.首次服用药物后2~3个月复查血脂和肝酶肌酶血糖,根据血脂水平调整他汀剂量,降低LDL-C<2.1 mmol/L(79 mg/dL),同时升高Apo-A1>9%(高于1.35 g/L)和HDL-C>8%[高于1.2 mmol/L(45 mg/dL)]。

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    2017-10-03 quxin068
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    2017-11-01 jyzxjiangqin

    善用他汀.逆转斑块!

    0

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    2017-08-07 doctorzheng
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    2017-08-06 明月清辉

    谢谢分享,学习了

    0

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    2017-08-06 榄枷檬

    谢谢分享

    0

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    2017-08-06 1e14ffd0m25(暂无匿称)

    学习学习

    0

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