Nat Commun:这种新蛋白,参与阿尔茨海默病进展

2017-11-16 佚名 生物探索

美国SBP医学研究所的科学家们已经证明,一种名为“membralin”的蛋白质,对于维持阿尔茨海默症的病理状态至关重要。

这项发表在Nature Communications的研究显示,membralin能够调节细胞中生产β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)的分子机器——γ分泌酶。

“我们的研究结果为阿尔茨海默症的未来治疗提供了一条新的道路。” SBP神经科学与衰老研究中心的Huaxi Xu博士说,“如果我们能找到调节membralin的分子,或者确定其在细胞蛋白质处理机器,即内质网相关降解(ERAD)系统中的作用,或许能够抑制神经退化。”

membralin与阿尔茨海默症有遗传关联

ERAD是细胞清除内质网中折叠错误的蛋白质的机制。它还控制某些成熟的功能性蛋白质的水平。Xu的研究小组发现,ERAD调节的一种成熟的功能蛋白是γ分泌酶(负责生成Aβ)的组成部分。

在阿尔茨海默症中,错误折叠的β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)在大脑中沉积形成淀粉样蛋白斑块,引起神经元死亡。Aβ由γ-分泌酶切割β-淀粉样蛋白前体(APP)形成。随着衰老,所有人大脑中都会产生Aβ,但其产生和清除的速率以及它对神经元影响因人而异,因此并非每个人都会发展成老年痴呆症。

“我们之所以对membralin感兴趣是因为它与阿尔茨海默症有遗传关联,在这项研究中,我们建立了membralin和阿尔茨海默症之间的联系,这基于SBP的一位前同事的实验室研究成果。”Xu解释道。“那项研究显示,删除membralin基因会导致运动神经元快速退化,但其细胞功能尚不清楚。”

通过蛋白质组学、显微分析和功能分析,该小组提供了一个明确的证据,证明membralin功能是ERAD系统的一部分。此后又发现,membralin依赖的ERAD分解了一种蛋白质,它是γ-分泌酶复合物的一部分,减少阿尔茨海默症模型小鼠体内的membralin会加剧神经退化和记忆问题。

为未来治疗提供新的道路

“我们的发现解释了为什么减少membralin表达的突变会增加老年痴呆症的风险,”Xu说。“这将导致γ分泌酶的积累,因为它的降解被抑制了,因此γ分泌酶复合物会产生更多的Aβ。这种突变是罕见的,但可能还有其他因素导致神经元membralin水平降低。

Xu和他的同事们也观察到,阿尔茨海默症患者的大脑中membralin的平均水平低于正常对照,这表明了他们这一发现与人类也存在关联。

“以前的研究表明,ERAD与许多疾病有关,在这些疾病中,细胞被不规则的蛋白质积累损伤,阿尔茨海默症就是其中之一,”Xu说。“这项研究提供了确凿的、机制证据,证明ERAD在抑制阿尔茨海默症的病理方面起着重要作用。我们现在计划寻找能提高membralin产量或ERAD速率的化合物,以测试它们是否能改善阿尔茨海默症模型中的病理和认知能力下降。这将进一步支持该机制作为药物靶点的有效性。”

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    2017-11-25 liuli5079
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    2018-01-12 一叶知秋
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    2017-11-16 中医痴

    不错的.学习了.谢谢分享.

    0

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