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Nature：常用的增殖marker竟然是“表面活性剂”！

2016-07-04 佚名 生物谷

表面活性剂
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来自奥地利科学院分子生物技术研究所的研究人员最近发现一种蛋白质能够在细胞分裂过程中帮助染色体彼此分离开来。相关研究结果发表在国际学术期刊Nature上。每天你的体内都有几十亿个细胞在进行分裂。细胞分裂能够促进身体生长，还会替代皮肤，血液以及肠道等器官中衰老的细胞。细胞分裂要经历细胞周期中的不同阶段，在细胞周期的大部分时间内细胞都在进行基因表达。随着细胞周期的进行，复制形成的染色体会在纺锤体的作用下

来自奥地利科学院分子生物技术研究所的研究人员最近发现一种蛋白质能够在细胞分裂过程中帮助染色体彼此分离开来。相关研究结果发表在国际学术期刊Nature上。

每天你的体内都有几十亿个细胞在进行分裂。细胞分裂能够促进身体生长，还会替代皮肤，血液以及肠道等器官中衰老的细胞。细胞分裂要经历细胞周期中的不同阶段，在细胞周期的大部分时间内细胞都在进行基因表达。随着细胞周期的进行，复制形成的染色体会在纺锤体的作用下逐渐分开。

在细胞进行分裂之前，染色体会进行复制，并发生形态学变化，新形成的两条染色单体变成类似X形状，随着细胞分裂进入后期，两条染色单体会在纺锤体的作用下各自向细胞两端移动，最终构成两个子代细胞的基因组。但是细胞分裂过程中染色体如何保证各自的“独立性”仍然是一个迷。

由Daniel Gerlich领导的研究团队发现分裂期细胞内的Ki-67蛋白能够防止染色体彼此粘连在一起。众所周知Ki-67是一个表示增殖细胞的标记物分子，常用于癌症诊断过程中细胞异常分裂的检测，但是人们对Ki-67的功能了解较少。研究人员发现缺失Ki-67的情况下，染色体仍然会正常形成但是所有染色体会变成一团粘在一起无法移动，缺少Ki-67的细胞其分裂过程也会变慢。

研究人员进一步确定了Ki-67 如何促进染色体的分离。文章第一作者Sara Cuylen这样解释道：“Ki-67的一端会结合在染色体上，而另一端会伸向远离染色体的地方，这样Ki-67就会在染色体表面形成拉长的刷子样结构，最为重要的是可以形成屏障将不同染色体彼此分开。”研究人员表示，Ki67的这些特性让人联想到破坏尘垢和油渍的表面活性剂，他们完全没想到Ki67在细胞内发挥了类似表面活性剂的功能。

Daniel Gerlich指出表面活性剂机制可能还适用于其他细胞器的空间排列，找到其他具有表面活性剂特性的蛋白分子研究其在细胞内部成分的空间排列方面的作用将有重要意义。

原始出处

Sara Cuylen, Claudia Blaukopf, Antonio Z. Politi, Thomas Müller-Reichert, Beate Neumann, Ina Poser, Jan Ellenberg, Anthony A. Hyman & Daniel W. Gerlich.Ki-67 acts as a biological surfactant to disperse mitotic chromosomes.Nature.2016

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    2017-03-08 villahu

    #表面活性#

    0

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    2016-09-04 liye789132251

    #Nat#

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    2017-02-12 cqlidoudou

    #marker#

    0

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    2016-07-06 Arthur M

    新奇

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