治疗药物性肝损伤十大要点:不推荐预防性用药

2017-03-24 卢芳 中国循环杂志

药物性肝损伤,是所有药物不良反应之首,也是最常见、最常见的药物不良反应,严重时还会导致急性肝功能衰竭甚至死亡。北京地坛医院肝病中心谢雯、赵红结合相关指南就目前药物性肝损伤的治疗进行了阐述。其中要点如下:

药物性肝损伤,是所有药物不良反应之首,也是最常见、最常见的药物不良反应,严重时还会导致急性肝功能衰竭甚至死亡。北京地坛医院肝病中心谢雯、赵红结合相关指南就目前药物性肝损伤的治疗进行了阐述。其中要点如下:

1. 及时停用可疑的肝损伤药物,是最为重要的治疗措施。

2. 在临床实际中,要充分权衡停药引起原发病进展和继续用药导致肝损伤加重的风险。

3. 美国食品药品管理局(FDA)建议,出现下列情况之一应考虑停用肝损伤药物:

(1)血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)或天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)>8 倍正常值;

(2)ALT或AST>5 倍正常值,持续2周;

(3)ALT或AST>3 倍正常值,且总胆红素(TBil)>2倍正常值或国际标准化比值(INR)>1.5;

(4)ALT或AST>3 倍正常值,伴逐渐加重的疲劳、恶心、呕吐、右上腹疼痛或压痛、发热、皮疹和(或)嗜酸性粒细胞增多(>5%)。

4. 对固有型药物性肝损伤,在原发病必须治疗且目前无其他替代治疗手段时可以先选择酌情减少剂量、动态监测肝功能的变化,如肝损伤进一步加重需考虑停药。

固有型药物性肝损伤是药物性肝损伤相对特异质型肝损伤的一种临床分类,是指药物或其代谢产物直接损害肝脏,潜伏期短,损伤程度与剂量相关,具有可预测性。

特异质型肝损伤,简而言之就是说,多数人服用这类药不会引起肝损伤,而仅有少数体质特别的人会发生。

5. 根据导致肝损伤药物的种类、药物性肝损伤的类型及患者的临床特点选择合适的药物。

6. 对于成人药物性急性肝衰竭和亚急性肝衰竭患者,建议尽早选用N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC),但不建议用于儿童急性肝衰竭。

7. 糖皮质激素治疗药物性肝损伤需要严格掌握治疗适应证,在充分权衡利弊、告知患者相关风险情况下可以考虑应用糖皮质激素。

8. 对初次发病、用药史明确、自身免疫特征明显而不能除外自身免疫性肝炎患者,在停用可疑药物后,可考虑糖皮质激素治疗。

9. 药物性肝损伤相关急性肝衰竭治疗中是否应用激素尚存在争议,缺乏高级别证据的支持。

10. 不推荐2种以上保肝抗炎药物联合应用,也不推荐预防性用药来减少药物性肝损伤的发生。

原始出处:

赵红, 谢雯. 药物性肝损伤的治疗现状. 中华肝脏病杂志,2016, 24: 804-806.

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    2017-03-24 1ddf3e1dm99(暂无匿称)

    学习了,嘻嘻

    0

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