Nature:个性化治疗淋巴癌新方案:快速发现鉴别肿瘤新抗原

2017-03-30 Leo.C MedSci原创

新抗原能够激发T细胞强效的杀死癌细胞的能力,并且对正常细胞的影响比较小。为下一步特异性的杀死癌细胞,开发个性化疗法提供了理论基础。

肿瘤细胞能够发生突变产生新抗原(neoantigen),从而一定程度上逃脱现有的免疫细胞的监控。然而换位思考,因为肿瘤细胞产生的新抗原,从而将其与正常的机体细胞区分开来,为特殊针对癌症细胞的疗法提供了基础。然而,发现及鉴定这一新抗原对于现在的技术而言,任然是个大的挑战。传统的方法是先分离癌症病人的T细胞然后根据其对肿瘤细胞的抗原的激活情况,一一鉴定可能的新抗原,耗时又费力。然而,通过对病人肿瘤细胞上的MHC(一种向T细胞递呈细胞内抗原的复合体)呈现的蛋白进行直接的蛋白分析,能够直接发现和鉴定病人的肿瘤细胞产生的新抗原,为开发针对病人的个性化疗法提供了信息。

在最新一期的Nature杂志中,来自美国斯坦福大学的Michael S. Khodadoust及其同事报道了他们运用蛋白分析手段直接从肿瘤细胞发现及鉴定肿瘤新抗原的研究。实验组从17位恶性淋巴癌病人(mantle cell lymphoma)以及两种恶性淋巴癌细胞线所分离的MHC,并对其所呈现的蛋白进行色谱分析。这一方法高效的从MHC上发现了大量的肿瘤细胞抗原。研究者进一步发现,在所发现的抗原中,大量的抗原在不同的病人中都有表达,并且很大一部分的抗原是参与B细胞受体信号(B cell receptors signaling)激活的蛋白。同样,每位病人大约有15-175个抗原不同于其他的病人。

为了测试所鉴定的新抗原能否被体内抗体所识别,并且激活T细胞,研究组人工合成了六种所鉴定新抗原,并且发现五种新抗原能够特异性结合抗体。接着研究组从恶性淋巴癌病人的外周血内发现了一定比例的已经结合了这些新抗原的T细胞。证明了这些新抗原能够被体内抗体所识别,并且激活T细胞。

接着研究人员尝试这些新抗原作为肿瘤疫苗的可行性。研究人员将从恶性淋巴癌病人分离的CD4 T细胞在体外与从同一个病人体内分离的能够识别新抗原的抗体共同培养。实验组发现,这些CD4T细胞在被携带新抗原的淋巴癌细胞激活后,分泌了更多的IL4和颗粒酶(granzyme),从而杀死了这些淋巴癌细胞。相对应的,对于不携带新抗原的正常B细胞则没有任何影响。证明了这项疗法的特异性。

这项研究报道了一种新的快速发现鉴定肿瘤新抗原的新方法。所发现的新抗原能够激发T细胞强效的杀死癌细胞的能力,并且对正常细胞的影响比较小。为下一步特异性的杀死癌细胞,开发个性化疗法提供了理论基础。

原始出处:
Michael S. Khodadoust, Niclas Olsson, Lisa E. Wagar, et al. Antigen presentation profiling reveals recognition of lymphoma immunoglobulin neoantigens. Nature 543, 723–727 (30 March 2017) doi:10.1038/nature21433

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    2017-12-17 liye789132251
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