Lancet Neurol:脑出血高风险者如何选用抗血小板和降脂药物?

2018-07-09 杨中华 脑血管病及重症文献导读

卒中是全球的重要健康问题,特别是亚洲国家的卒中死亡率高于非亚洲国家。并且卒中的主要病因和机制也不相同,亚洲人比白种人更容易发生脑出血。此外,小血管闭塞性疾病也更常见于亚洲人,心源性卒中更常见于白色人种。

卒中是全球的重要健康问题,特别是亚洲国家的卒中死亡率高于非亚洲国家。并且卒中的主要病因和机制也不相同,亚洲人比白种人更容易发生脑出血。此外,小血管闭塞性疾病也更常见于亚洲人,心源性卒中更常见于白色人种。

非心源性卒中或TIA的二级预防需要给予适当的抗血小板药物治疗,以及控制危险因素。不过,对于高脑出血风险的缺血性卒中患者,其最佳治疗方案尚不清楚。与冠状动脉病不同,强化抗血小板治疗并没有明显获益,因为降低严重血管事件的同时,会增加脑出血的风险。这些高出血风险者更常见于腔隙性卒中。西洛他唑是一种磷酸二酯酶-3抑制剂,与阿司匹林相比西洛他唑能够显着降低非心源性缺血性卒中复发风险和出血事件。

他汀同样会增加这些患者脑出血的风险,因此更加强调降脂治疗而不是他汀治疗。普罗布考是一种胆固醇脂转移蛋白活化剂,是降胆固醇药物,同时对内皮功能具有多效性。研究也显示普罗布考对心血管病的益处。因此,推测易于出血的缺血性卒中给予普罗布考是能够获益的。

PICASSO试验目的在于验证以下两种假说:1.西洛他唑在预防严重血管事件方面类似于阿司匹林,并且改善其安全性比如降低脑出血风险。2.西洛他唑或阿司匹林基础上增加普罗布考在预防严重血管事件方面优于单独使用西洛他唑或阿司匹林。该研究结果于2018年6月发表在Lancet Neurology上。

PICASSO是多中心、随机对照、2*2阶乘的临床试验,由韩国、中国香港和菲律宾共67家医院参与。纳入了有脑出血病史或>=2个微出血的缺血性卒中患者,这些患者按照1:1:1:1的比例随机给予口服西洛他唑(100mg,每天2次),阿司匹林(100mg,每天1次),西洛他唑联合普罗布考(250mg,每天2次)或阿司匹林联合普罗布考。西洛他唑 vs 阿司匹林设计为双盲;普罗布考治疗未开放标签,但是盲法评价预后。主要复合终点为卒中、心梗或血管性死亡的发生率(有效性)以及出血性卒中的发生率(安全性)。

从2009年8月1日到2015年8月31日共1512例患者评价了主要复合性终点。在普罗布考和非普罗布考组中,使用他汀的比例和他汀强度没有差别。在1.9年(IQR,1.0-3.0)的平均随访期间,西洛他唑组和阿司匹林组的复合血管事件发生率分别为4.27/100患者-年和5.33/100患者-年(HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.57 - 1.11; noninferiority p=0.0077; superiority p=0.18);脑出血的发生率分别为0.61/100患者-年和1.2/100患者-年(HR 0.51, 97.5% CI 0.20 - 1.27; superiority p=0.18)。普罗布考组和非普罗布考组血管事件发生率分别为3.91/100患者-年和5.75/100患者-年(HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.50 - 0.97; superiority p=0.0316);脑出血的发生率分别为0.72/100患者-年和1.11/100患者-年(HR 0.65, 97.5% CI 0.27 - 1.57; p=0.55)。四组的不良事件相似,其中眩晕、头痛、腹泻和便秘最常见。

最终作者认为对于高脑出血风险的缺血性卒中患者,西洛他唑预防心血管事件不次于阿司匹林,但是没有降低出血性卒中的风险。阿司匹林或西洛他唑基础上增加普罗布考能够降低心血管事件发生率。

译者注:

从安全性角度来讲(脑出血的风险),尽管没有达到显着性差异,但是仍然能够看到西洛他唑和普罗布考对脑出血高风险者的保护作用。

原始出处:Bum Joon Kim, MD*, Eun-Jae Lee, MD*, Prof Sun U Kwon, MD, et al. Prevention of cardiovascular events in Asian patients with ischaemic stroke at high risk of cerebral haemorrhage (PICASSO): a multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2018 Jun;17(6):509-518.

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    2019-06-03 howi
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    2018-08-13 yinhl1978
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    2018-07-16 liumin1987

    感觉国外的临床试验做的很正规.学习.

    0

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    2018-07-11 Boyinsh
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    2018-07-09 神功盖世

    学习

    0

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口服抗凝药(OACs)预防卒中是治疗房颤(AF)的基础。但是,目前关于90岁及以上患者应用OACs的数据相对匮乏。现有研究人员对AF老年患者(≥90岁)应用OAC治疗缺血性卒中和颅内出血(ICH)的风险以及临床疗效进行评估。本研究数据来源于台湾健康保险数据库。在未进行过抗血栓治疗(1996-2011年)的90岁及以上的11064位AF患者和14658位对照中对比缺血性卒中和ICH的风险。将AF患者

别了,血粘度

近日我们终于停止了血粘度检测项目,这个一般基于锥板法检测全血粘度、毛细管法检测血浆粘度的试验早有争议,由于一直缺乏高等级的临床研究证据,特别是基于预后的研究(即不仅要证明该指标与疾病相关,还要证明检测该指标有助于改善预后),该方法到底有什么样的临床意义其实我至今也不十分清楚,只能从理论上简单推测一番。