2018 CSCO:朱军教授:全方位解读CAR-T产品在复发难治性淋巴瘤中的应用现状及前景

2018-09-23 Amiee 肿瘤资讯

2018年9月19-21日,第二十一届全国临床肿瘤学大会暨2018年CSCO学术年会在厦门盛大开幕。作为肿瘤领域的一大热点,CAR-T治疗在今年的CSCO会议上关注度只增不减。北京大学肿瘤医院的朱军教授针对CAR-T治疗国内外获批情况及未来应用前景进行了详细介绍。

2018年9月19-21日,第二十一届全国临床肿瘤学大会暨2018年CSCO学术年会在厦门盛大开幕。作为肿瘤领域的一大热点,CAR-T治疗在今年的CSCO会议上关注度只增不减。北京大学肿瘤医院的朱军教授针对CAR-T治疗国内外获批情况及未来应用前景进行了详细介绍。

CAR-T治疗的国内外发展现状

CAR-T治疗是近几年肿瘤领域的一大热点,已在多个瘤种的治疗中进行了尝试,其中血液和淋巴肿瘤的相关研究最多。国内外都特别关注这种新型治疗方法,且目前已获得了很多的临床数据。国外已有两家公司的两个产品相继获得应用批准。当前CAR-T治疗已报道的数据主要是血液和淋巴肿瘤方面的,如急性淋巴细胞白血病和B细胞恶性淋巴肿瘤,国内的研究亦是如此。未来淋巴瘤方面将会有越来越多的国内数据验证这种治疗方法的疗效及安全性。

从申报情况来看,国际上CAR-T领域较为领先的三大企业为: Kite、Novartis及Juno。Kite和 Novatis的 CAR-T 产品于2017年相继通过了美国FDA的批准,并于今年8月27日同日获得欧洲批准,Juno暂无获批信息。

国内申报的详细情况目前尚不清楚,但可以肯定的两点是:国内CAR-T试验数量领先,与美国相当;开发CAR-T产品的公司也较多,起步也较早。我们科室2013年即开始尝试CAR-T治疗的临床研究工作。目前已有多个厂家的多个产品提交IND申请,其中只有4个厂家获得批准,包括南京传奇、恒润达生、明聚生物和复星凯特。

当前主要CAR-T产品在淋巴瘤治疗中的疗效

CAR-T细胞治疗在淋巴瘤领域当前主要集中于难治复发性疾病的研究,尤其是难治复发的B细胞淋巴瘤,所选治疗靶点以CD19为主(接近一半)。目前公开报道的数据主要集中在两项研究,一是ZUMA-1研究(针对复星凯特的Yescarta),二是JULIET研究(针对诺华的Kymriah),这两项报道的有效率在50%~80%之间,完全缓解率40%~60%,后续随访还在持续中。从报道的数据来看,目前复星凯特的数据相对较好。

表1  CAR-T产品疗效及安全性(特定类型NHL)



CAR-T产品的制备时间及制备失败率显著影响临床治疗

作为一个临床大夫,我对具体的制备工艺不是特别了解,但从临床角度而言,制备时间是非常需要关注的因素。CAR-T治疗所选患者大多为复发难治,这些患者一旦进入临床治疗,从细胞提供到细胞输注,在等待、观察、管理患者的过程中存在诸多不确定性,甚至有些患者在等待的过程中病情会出现快速进展,从而导致患者必须接受一些其他处理(包括化疗等)。因此,我们希望制备时间越短越好。不同CAR-T产品因工艺或方法的不同而存在制备时间的差异。目前而言,复星凯特的Yescarta制备时间大约2-3周,诺华的Kymriah相对较长,约3-4周。从临床角度而言,我们期望CAR-T产品的制备时间越短越好。同样,我们也期望每一次制备都能够成功,但实际中会存在一定的失败率和风险,制备失败对患者后续的临床治疗影响极大。

降低CAR-T治疗费用,力求惠及更大患者人群

目前国外已上市的CAR-T产品价格高昂,这也是我关注中国CAR-T临床研究的原因。如果按照国外价格,国内患者很难承担如此昂贵的费用。当前国内正在开展的临床试验对患者都是免费的,如果未来获得批准,能够通过商业化的方式提供给患者,我们也希望患者能够承担的起。如果价格过高,那么我们给患者使用的可能性就会很有限。

CAR-T治疗的未来发展方向及应用前景

目前,全世界抗肿瘤治疗已经进入一个新阶段、新时期,有越来越多的新药可供选择,其中包括CAR-T治疗。目前尚且不能确定CAR-T治疗是否一定能治愈肿瘤、是否可用于所有肿瘤,但从现有数据分析判断,CAR-T治疗具有很重要的地位及发展空间。目前CAR-T治疗主要用于治疗复发难治淋巴瘤,未来可能会进一步探讨CAR-T治疗联合不同新药、不同方案在多种肿瘤中的应用。

在日常的临床工作中,我们应脚踏实地的,务必冷静的遵循现有的治疗原则进行规范化治疗,合理选择新的治疗方法或药物。CAR-T治疗很有前景,但也未必能“包打天下”,时间、适应证、患者、价格的选择都是制约CAR-T治疗今后发展的因素,值得我们进一步尝试与探讨。

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    2019-08-15 仁心济世
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    2018-09-26 tw007007

    希望尽早能在实体瘤上有所突破

    0

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    2018-09-26 liumin1987

    嗯嗯,学习了。

    0

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    2018-09-25 freve
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    2018-09-24 kafei

    了解一下谢谢

    0

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    2018-09-23 1e1b8538m79(暂无匿称)

    不错的文章值得拥有哦

    0

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