GW-ICC2017︱张荣成:新型标记物在心衰患者中的临床应用特点及价值

2017-10-16 张荣成 国际循环

心力衰竭(以下简称“心衰”)作为众多心血管疾病的“最后战场”,其诊治研究一直是心血管领域的重点和热点。在15日圆满谢幕的第28届长城国际心脏病学会议(GW-ICC 2017)心衰综合论坛上,中国医学科学院阜外心血管病医院张荣成教授作了专题解析,向参会的专家学者分享了新型心衰标记物的概况及其应用价值。

心力衰竭(以下简称“心衰”)作为众多心血管疾病的“最后战场”,其诊治研究一直是心血管领域的重点和热点。在15日圆满谢幕的第28届长城国际心脏病学会议(GW-ICC 2017)心衰综合论坛上,中国医学科学院阜外心血管病医院张荣成教授作了专题解析,向参会的专家学者分享了新型心衰标记物的概况及其应用价值。

心力衰竭作为本世界最重要的公共卫生问题,具有发病率高、死亡率高及花费高的特点。尽管当前心衰患者的诊治已经取得了较大的进展,临床上仍需简洁有效的方法来快速预测、诊断及治疗心衰。心脏标记物反应心衰患者的病理生理过程,对评估患者病情、优化临床诊疗措施具有重大的临床及科研价值。

心衰标记物的概述

目前,心衰相关的蛋白标记物种类繁多,根据其病理生理特性可分为炎性反应、氧化应激、细胞外基质重塑、肌细胞应力、神经激素及心肌损伤等类型,如何选择并应用这些标记物是临床医师关注的重点。文献推荐标记物的选择大致遵循以下几项原则:第一,临床医师是否能对标记物进行有效的测量包括测量方法的精确性及可重复性,可在测量前进行相关步骤的评估和管理、试剂盒的获得途径和费用等;第二,标记物是否可在当前临床检验的基础上提供额外信息,且其结果需通过多项研究证实;第三,标记物是否可以协助临床医师管理患者,减少不良事件的发生。心衰标记物的应用领域包括患者亚临床疾病状态的早期检测、诊断心衰、危险分层、评估治疗效果及指导治疗等,旨在最终实现改善患者预后的目的。

其中,利钠肽作为传统标记物在临床使用的证据越来越多。最新更新的2017ACC/AHA/HFSA也指南指出,利钠肽测量可用于有心血管危险因素的患者,以筛选并通过早期干预可预防心衰发生(IIa类,C级)、急慢性呼吸困难患者的心衰鉴别诊断(I类,A级)、慢性心衰患者(I类,A级)、急性失代偿心衰患者入院时(I类,A级)及住院心衰患者出院时的预后评估(IIa类,B级)。

随着标记物研究的不断进步及证据的增多,欧美及我国指南均提出可溶性ST2(sST2)、galectin-3及高敏肌钙蛋白(hs-Tn)可在利钠肽的基础上提供额外的预测价值,这将进一步优化心衰患者的评估,对今后开展标记物指导的心衰管理具有重大意义。以下对这三种标记物与心衰的关系进行简单介绍。

sST2与心衰

ST2是白细胞介素-1受体家族成员,主要包括跨膜型ST2(ST2L)和sST2两种异构体,它们可和共同的配体IL-33结合而发挥生物学作用。最近研究发现,当心脏受到机械性牵张刺激时,心肌细胞及心脏成纤维细胞该蛋白表达水平增高,其中以后者为着,且以sST2升高为主。IL-33/ST2L信号通路具有抑制心肌肥厚、拮抗心肌重构的作用,而sST2则以“诱饵受体”的形式和ST2L竞争与IL-33的结合位点,从而抑制IL-33/ST2L信号通路的心脏保护作用,这也表明sST2水平升高可能与潜在的心血管风险增加有关。

中国医学科学院阜外心血管病医院的心衰中心针对该标记物进行了大样本的临床研究中连续入选了1528例住院心衰患者,随访中位数19.1个月后,有300例患者死亡,25例患者进行心脏移植。通过对标记物进行四分位分析sST2与不良事件(全因死亡或心脏移植)的关系发现,不良事件随着sST2浓度的升高呈上升趋势,其中sST2最高四分位(> 55.7 ng/ml)心衰患者3年不良事件大于50%。在预测价值方面sST2预测不良事件的特异性及阳性预测值高于N-端B型钠利尿肽(NT-proBNP)。在预测能力方面基线sST2在不同随访时间的预测能力与NT-proBNP相似,但二者联合后预测能力明显高于其中任何一种标记物。

此外,对随访时间超过1年的1244例住院心衰患者分析发现,sST2预测住院心衰患者的最佳切点为47.8 ng/ml。该项研究还被纳入一项国际多中心荟萃分析并发表于《JACC Heart Fail》杂志,指出急性心衰患者入院时及出院时检测sST2浓度均能对全因死亡或全因死亡加心衰再住院提供较好的预测价值(P<0.001)。

另一项最近发表在《JACC Heart Fail》杂志的针对慢性心衰患者检测sST2的Meta分析显示,sST2可以预测心衰患者全因死亡或心血管死亡的发生。此外,sST2的预测价值还不受肾功能水平的影响,其中sST2与肾小球率过滤(eGFR)的相关系数为-0.10,而NT-proBNP与eGFR的相关系数为-0.21,sST2在eGFR≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2患者的预测能力[曲线下面积(AUC)=0.79)]与eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73 m2患者的预测能力(AUC=0.74)相似,提示该标记物在心衰患者中具有较稳定的预测能力。

galectin-3与心衰

galectin-3是β-半乳糖结合凝集素家族成员,在全身多个组织包括心脏、肝脏及肾脏等均有分布。当心肌损伤发生时触发炎症损伤修复反应促使巨噬细胞释放galectin-3,后者可以结合并激活心脏成纤维细胞导致胶原生成增加,导致“疤痕”形成进一步引起心肌重构。

国际上多项研究均标明galectin-3对心衰患者的预后评估具有一定临床价值,但由于其参与了多脏器的纤维化过程,所以,该标记物在肾功能不全患者的预测能力可能受到影响。此外,研究显示galectin-3与eGFR的相关系数为-0.46,在eGFR≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2患者的预测能力(AUC=0.74)高于eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73 m2患者的预测能力(AUC=0.61)。

hs-Tn与心衰

Tn是心肌损伤的重要标记物,在心肌细胞中主要以结构蛋白的形式存在,少部分以游离形式存在于细胞浆(约占6%)中。当心肌严重损伤时,细胞膜通透性增加,首先存在于心肌细胞浆中的肌钙蛋白释放于血,随后Tn复合物逐渐裂解,再释放于血中。心衰患者主要以心肌牵张或细胞凋亡为主,所以,当急性心衰发生时,细胞膜通透性改变后主要为细胞浆中的Tn少量释放于血中,需要检测血中Tn浓度的试剂盒对其在血液中的浓度更加敏感,将其称之为hs-Tn。多种临床试验均证明高敏肌钙蛋白可用于心衰患者的检测并评价心衰患者的预后。与急性心肌梗死不同的是,急性心衰患者Tn浓度多无较大幅度的升高,变化多呈持续低水平升高或逐渐下降,结合患者胸痛、呼吸困难及利钠肽结果可予以鉴别。

总之,心衰标记物参与了心衰的多种病理生理过程,其中利钠肽及hs-Tn可为诊断心衰提供重要价值,新型标记物sST2及galectin-3可为利钠肽提供额外的预测价值,sST2的预测价值不受肾功能水平影响。今后,我们需要更多临床研究进一步证实标记物在心衰管理中的作用。

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topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220115/46bcf39c32de4aa6b45c5f9d66c8ee77/6cb4a20c55bb4b7691122f47747bfca2.jpg, createdBy=9dad1662329, createdName=1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Oct 17 07:40:35 CST 2017, time=2017-10-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-10-28 yfjms

    学习了

    0

  4. 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topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220115/46bcf39c32de4aa6b45c5f9d66c8ee77/6cb4a20c55bb4b7691122f47747bfca2.jpg, createdBy=9dad1662329, createdName=1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Oct 17 07:40:35 CST 2017, time=2017-10-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-10-22 大爰

    学习了谢谢分享!!!

    0

  5. 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topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220115/46bcf39c32de4aa6b45c5f9d66c8ee77/6cb4a20c55bb4b7691122f47747bfca2.jpg, createdBy=9dad1662329, createdName=1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Oct 17 07:40:35 CST 2017, time=2017-10-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-10-21 lou.minghong

    学习了谢谢分享!

    0

  6. 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topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220115/46bcf39c32de4aa6b45c5f9d66c8ee77/6cb4a20c55bb4b7691122f47747bfca2.jpg, createdBy=9dad1662329, createdName=1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Oct 17 07:40:35 CST 2017, time=2017-10-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  7. 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time=2017-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=254740, encodeId=72a4254e404c, content=学习了谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib2JlGvwpAibiaovVhfA9DbO7X7JLGGjM4Cic6oMgxLdnuS9piaP9cnG2OwIbkzHvX0qzS1boibyYNqR5vHZu7HQs5EIB/0, createdBy=298d1398341, createdName=lou.minghong, createdTime=Sat Oct 21 06:28:35 CST 2017, time=2017-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1373366, encodeId=248c13e33664c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2fd051939ab' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心衰患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=51939, encryptionId=2fd051939ab, topicName=心衰患者)], attachment=null, 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topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8341, encryptionId=81ca834123, topicName=GW-ICC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=00e511815854, createdName=chenwq12, createdTime=Wed Oct 18 14:27:00 CST 2017, time=2017-10-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=253642, encodeId=d69e253642b2, content=学习了谢谢分享!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200816/e4675a86ea694f12b82202b320dc2654/12f6b900498349e994ce8f516a584d6a.jpg, createdBy=09431951290, createdName=大爰, createdTime=Tue Oct 17 07:56:14 CST 2017, time=2017-10-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=253635, encodeId=29bf2536354f, content=学习了.涨知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220115/46bcf39c32de4aa6b45c5f9d66c8ee77/6cb4a20c55bb4b7691122f47747bfca2.jpg, createdBy=9dad1662329, createdName=1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Oct 17 07:40:35 CST 2017, time=2017-10-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-10-18 heli0118
  8. 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topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220115/46bcf39c32de4aa6b45c5f9d66c8ee77/6cb4a20c55bb4b7691122f47747bfca2.jpg, createdBy=9dad1662329, createdName=1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Oct 17 07:40:35 CST 2017, time=2017-10-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-10-18 chenwq12
  9. 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topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220115/46bcf39c32de4aa6b45c5f9d66c8ee77/6cb4a20c55bb4b7691122f47747bfca2.jpg, createdBy=9dad1662329, createdName=1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Oct 17 07:40:35 CST 2017, time=2017-10-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-10-17 大爰

    学习了谢谢分享!!

    0

  10. 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    2017-10-17 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

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