Nature:I型干扰素激活小胶质细胞导致中枢神经系统狼疮的机制

2017-06-15 MedSci MedSci原创

这项研究对于正在进行的I型干扰素受体拮抗剂anifrolumab7的临床试验评估有一定的支持意义,表现其有可能在治疗中枢神经狼疮有一定的作用。此外,这项研究还揭示了干扰素所驱动的小神经胶质细胞激活所导致的突触损失,并发布了这些病变的小胶质细胞的基因转录组数据,为进一步研究中枢系统神经狼疮与其他中枢神经疾病提供了一些基因层面的解释。

系统性红斑狼疮(systemic lupus erythematosus, SLE)是一种不可治愈的自身免疫性疾病,其特征在于肾脏,皮肤和肺组织中的致病的自身抗体(autoantibody)的沉积。值得注意的是,高达75%的系统性红斑狼疮患者都有经历神经精神病症状,从焦虑,抑郁和认知障碍到癫痫发作,极少数情况下,发生精神病(psychosis)。 上述这些症状被统称为中枢神经系统(central neuron system, CNS)的狼疮(lupus)。在某些情况下,某些针对神经蛋白的自身抗体,如抗N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体(N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor ,NMDAR)或抗磷脂抗体的产生可促进中枢神经系统狼疮。

然而,在大多数患者中,这些症状的产生机制仍不是很了解的。中枢神经系统狼疮通常呈现在狼疮诊断后的第一年,表明造成系统性红斑狼疮的早期因素可能是导致中枢神经系统狼疮症状发生的原因。

在最新上线的Nature杂志上,Allison R. Bialas及其同事报导了他们的发现,因系统性红斑狼疮导致的过度的I型干扰素(IFN)分泌,可以导致小胶质细胞(microgolia)吞噬神经元细胞的突触(synapse)。

在这项研究中,研究人员通过研究易患系统性红斑狼疮的小鼠模型发现,如果这阻断I型干扰素(IFN)信号传导,能够阻止的这一狼疮倾向小鼠的狼疮症状和神经突触的损失。此外,研究人员还显示I型干扰素能够激活小胶质细胞(microgolia)活性,使其吞噬易患狼疮小鼠的神经元和突触。研究人员还观察到来自于系统性红斑狼疮患者的死后海马脑切片中,I型IFN信号增强。以上结果说明,I型IFN信号增强能够引起系统性红斑狼疮以及其相关的中枢神经狼疮的进一步恶化。

这项研究对于正在进行的I型干扰素受体拮抗剂anifrolumab7的临床试验评估有一定的支持意义,表现其有可能在治疗中枢神经狼疮有一定的作用。此外,这项研究还揭示了干扰素所驱动的小神经胶质细胞激活所导致的突触损失,并发布了这些病变的小胶质细胞的基因转录组数据,为进一步研究中枢系统神经狼疮与其他中枢神经疾病提供了一些基因层面的解释。

原始出处:
Allison R.Bialas et al. Microglia-dependent synapse loss in type I interferon-mediated lupus. Nature (2017) doi:10.1038/nature22821

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    2017-08-09 liye789132251
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